Taxonomy Of Ten Soil Hypotrichous Ciliates

As a group of single-celled eukaryotes,ciliates have become one of the hotspots in basic biology and related applied disciplines since they were first discovered in 1674.Ciliates possess unique reproductive mode and dimorphous karyotype.In order to adapt to different habitats,the morphology of ciliates showed extreme diversity.Although some progress has been made in recent years,a considerable number of genera and species have not been discovered.During 2018 to 2021,the fauna of ciliates in different areas was investigated based on modern taxonomic techniques.The main results are characterized as follows:1.MorphologyTwo new species(Eschaneustyla tianjinensis sp.n.and Bakuella baodingensis sp.n.)and one suspected species(Gonostomum cf.affine)have been described.Morphology data of seven known species,namely Sterkiella cavicola,Sterkiella histriomuscorum,Sterkiella multicirrata,Cyrtohymena tetracirrata,Gonostomum affine,Hemiamphisiella terricola terricola and Urosoma similis were also supplemented.Morphological characters of new species are following:(1)Eschaneustyla tianjinensis sp.n.Body elongate-elliptical,posterior portion usually slightly pointed,highly flexible but not contractile.Size 110–217 × 35–70 ?m in vivo.Cortical granules grouped or arranged in short rows throughout the body.Nine frontal,19 frontoterminal,one buccal cirrus,transverse cirri lacking.4-7 midventral pairs and 3 rows.With 28–37 macronuclear nodules,1–7micronuclei.Marginal cirral row composed of 33 and 39 cirri,respectively.Four longitudinal dorsal kineties,each kinety usually with one to three caudal cirri.(2)Bakuella baodingensis sp.n.Body outline elongated elliptical,highly flexible.Body size in vivo 142–203 × 35–54?m.35 adoral membranelles.Three frontal cirri,4-7 buccal cirri,2-4 frontoterminal cirri.12 midventral pairs and 3-4 rows.With 6-10 transverse cirri.With 110–140 macronuclear nodules and 1-5 micronuclei.,Caudal cirri absent.Three dorsal kineties.2.Morphogenesis(1)Morphogenetic characters of Eschaneustyla tianjinensis sp.n.were provided.In the proter,the proximal end of membranelles(AZM)is partly renewed by the following process.In the opisthe,the oral primordium originates apokinetally.(2)Morphogenesis of Sterkiella multicirrata in Oxytricha pattern.(3)For Hemiamphisiella terricola terricola,anlage V produces the posterior portion of the amphisiellid median cirral row.The anterior portion of anlage VI forms the frontal part of the amphisiellid median cirral row,which consistent with the main characteristics of genus Hemiamphisiella.3.Molecular phylogenyThe SSU rRNA genes of the two new species(Eschaneustyla tianjinensis sp.n.and Bakuella baodingensis sp.n.)were sequenced,and phylogenetic positions of these species were analysed based on molecular trees.The results show that Eschaneustyla tianjinensis sp.n.has a close relationship with Eschaneustyla lugeri.