Effects Of Three Functional Components On Growth And Senescence Of Eukaryotes

In order to study the effects of three kinds of functional components on the growth and senescence of different eukaryotes and compare their effects,this study selected energy maintaining metabolites(nicotinamide,nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN),coenzyme Q10),antioxidants(tea polyphenols,?-lipoic acid,stigmasterol),membrane lipids(linolenic acid,linoleic acid,soybean lecithin)Three kinds of functional components,acting on 7 kinds of eukaryotes including single cell(Chlorella vulgaris,Yeast,Paramecium)and multicellular(Arabidopsis thaliana,Aspergillus niger,Zebrafish,Chinese cabbage)respectively,were studied by measuring the single cell biomass,animal death time,plant aging index,microbial growth curve and changes of fatty acids in cell membrane.In order to establish a new method to judge biological aging,fluorescence spectrum analysis and near infrared non-destructive detection technology were used to study the effects of functional components on biological spontaneous aging fluorescence and organic compounds.The main results are as follows:1.Single cell eukaryotes:(1)Energy metabolism substances:they are very important for promoting the reproduction of three types of single cells and inhibiting aging.NMN and coenzyme Q10 could inhibit the decrease of unsaturated fatty acid linolenic acid and linoleic acid and the increase of saturated fatty acid palmitic acid and stearic acid in Chlorella vulgaris cell membrane,NMN can delay the aging of yeast and stimulate the reproduction of Yeast and Paramecium;coenzyme Q10 can stimulate the reproduction of Paramecium.(2)Antioxidants:three kinds of organisms need different antioxidants.The results showed that?-lipoic acid had no effect on the growth and senescence of three kinds of unicellular organisms;tea polyphenols could promote the growth of Chlorella vulgaris,delay its senescence and inhibit the growth of yeast;stigmasterol was beneficial to the growth of Paramecium,but had no effect on the other two kinds of unicellular organisms.(3)Membrane lipid composition:phospholipids with mixed fatty acids are beneficial to biological growth,while single fatty acid treatment is harmful to biological growth.Linolenic acid can inhibit the growth of Yeast and Chlorella vulgaris,and kill Paramecium;linoleic acid can inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris,and kill Paramecium,which has no effect on the growth and aging of Yeast,and may damage the cell membrane;soybean lecithin can stimulate the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and the reproduction of Yeast,and delay the growth of Yeast by inhibiting the decrease of palmitoleic acid proportion and regulating the fatty acid composition of Yeast cell membrane Bacterial senescence.(4)The correlation coefficients of organic compounds and senescence fluorescence in Chlorella vulgaris and biomass were 0.83 and 0.94,respectively,with strong correlation;the correlation coefficients of organic compounds and senescence fluorescence in Yeast and biomass were 0.34 and 0.35,respectively,with weak correlation;the concentration of Paramecium was too thin to detect.The results showed that the senescence of Chlorella vulgaris could be judged by NIR nondestructive detection and fluorescence spectrum analysis,which was not suitable for the detection of Yeast and Paramecium.2.Model multicellular eukaryotes:(1)Energy metabolism substances:the effect of stimulating growth and anti-aging of multicellular organisms is not as good as that of unicellular organisms.Nicotinamide had no effect on the growth and senescence of three models of multicellular organisms,and even inhibited the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana,NMN can stabilize the proportion of linoleic acid in membrane fatty acids of Arabidopsis thaliana cells by slowing down the degradation of amide,ester and sulfur compounds in Arabidopsis thaliana,and inhibit the decline of linolenic acid ratio and increase of palmitic acid,and significantly delay the aging of Arabidopsis thaliana,however,it is not effective for the oxidative stress of Aspergillus niger and Zebrafish.Coenzyme Q10 is also a lipid soluble antioxidant,which can significantly prolong the survival time of Zebrafish induced by exogenous strong oxidant.(2)Antioxidant:it has certain toxicity to three kinds of organisms,but can delay the death of fish under strong free radicals.?-lipoic acid inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger and killed Zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana;tea polyphenols significantly inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger and Arabidopsis thaliana and killed Zebrafish;stigmasterol had no effect on Aspergillus niger,but could significantly prolong the survival time of Zebrafish induced by exogenous strong oxidants and inhibit the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana.(3)Membrane lipid composition:membrane lipid treatment is beneficial to Aspergillus niger growth and anti-aging,has certain toxicity to plants and animals,but can reduce the acute oxidative death of fish.Linolenic acid has no effect on Aspergillus niger and can kill Zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana;linoleic acid can promote the growth of Aspergillus niger and delay its aging,which can kill Zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana;soybean lecithin can significantly promote the growth of Aspergillus niger and stabilize the proportion of oleic acid in Aspergillus niger by slowing down the degradation of organic matter in Aspergillus niger,and inhibit the decline of linolenic acid proportion and the rise of palmitic acid It can delay the senescence of Aspergillus niger,effectively promote Zebrafish oxidative stress response,prolong survival time,but kill Arabidopsis thaliana.(4)The correlation coefficients between the changes of organic compounds and senescence fluorescence in Aspergillus niger and mycelium weight were 0.75and-0.89 respectively,which indicated that fluorescence spectrum analysis had strong correlation and could be used to judge the senescence of Aspergillus niger The correlation coefficients of organic compounds and senescence fluorescence at 5187 cm^-1 and 6888 cm^-1with chlorophyll content were 0.9,0.94 and-0.99,respectively,which were highly correlated.The senescence of Arabidopsis thaliana could be judged by NIR nondestructive detection and fluorescence spectrum analysis.3.Chinese cabbage:Beneficial to single cell and model multi cell functional components,but not good for preservation of Chinese cabbage.It was found that two kinds of functional components which were not good or ineffective could inhibit the senescence of Chinese cabbage,which were antioxidant?-lipoic acid and membrane lipid component linoleic acid.They could effectively delay the decrease of soluble solids and chlorophyll content and the increase of electrolyte leakage rate and malondialdehyde content of Chinese cabbage during storage,inhibit the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid linolenic acid,and The anti-aging effect of Chinese cabbage can be achieved by inhibiting the rise of palmitic acid level and regulating the proportion of fatty acid.The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll content and fluorescence intensity at emission wavelength of 229nm and excitation wavelength of 324nm was-0.93,which could be used as the basis for judging the senescence of Chinese cabbage The correlation coefficients of organic compounds and chlorophyll content at 5187 cm^-1and 6900cm^-1 were 0.70 and 0.77,respectively,and the correlation was weak.