Ontogeny And Phylogeny Studies Of 8 Ciliates In Class Oligohymenophorea

The ontogeny of ciliates usually refers to the replication process of its various organelles(nucleus,cortical ciliary organelles,etc.),and investigating this process and characteristics can further reveal the cell differentiation of complex biological and physiological phenomena.In order to provide better understanding of the structure of the sub-cellular level,and the evolution of the relationship between genetics and other basic problems,the ontogeny should be investigated.At present,the studies on morphogenesis research are mainly focused on the ciliates of Spirotrichea,while on ciliates of Oligohymenophorea are rear.A large number of exploratory studies are waiting for further study,and a large number of controversies,confusion and errors alsoneed revision.From 2018 to 2021,the ontogeny and phylogeny of eight species of oligohymenophorea ciliates in Harbin region of the Songhua River Basin and Aquaculture farms in Harbin were investigated by modern taxonomic techniques such as in vivo observation,silver staining and electron microscopy and molecular biology.This work includes morphogenesis,morphology and phylogeny parts.For morphogenesis part,it provided more accurate genetic data,determining the mode of morphogenesis,and the evolution process of membrane and nuclear organ,revealing a series of new genetic phenomena,clarifies some genetic suspensions,and filling many gaps in related groups.For morphological part,detailed and accurate morphological characteristics,as well as supplementing key taxonomic information of known species were given,and taxonomic errors in species identification were corrected.For phylogeny part,the phylogenetic relationships of eight species of oligohymenophorea were comprehensively discussed by using the methods of small ribosomal subunits and cox1 gene sequencing,sequence analysis and molecular phylogenetic tree establishment.The phylogenetic relationships of eight species of oligohymenophorea were clarified,and some mistakes in the establishment of phylogenetic relationships of some groups were corrected.The main achievements are following:1.Morphogenetic part:The ontogeny of eight species of Oligohymenophorea ciliates were studied,these mainly include: origin differentiation of cortical structures/vital organelles,analysis of near progenitor-derived features,and pattern establishment;first description of the morphogenesis of Anteglaucoma orientalis n.sp.,A.Harbinensis Pan et al.,2017,Cyclidium glaucoma Müller,1786,Among them,the morphogenesis pattern of Anteglaucoma orientalis n.sp.,A.Pan et al.,2017,Tetrahymena silvana Simon et al.,1985 are Monoparakinetal(MPK),while Cyclidium glaucoma,Cyclidium vorax,are Scuticobuccokinetal.The morphogenesis pattern of Harbin population of Tetrahymena pyriformis was described in detail,and the cell division and skin evolution of Uronema nigricans and U.marinum in freshwater were tracked in detail,which provided supplementary data for the study of the conservation of the corresponding genera.2.Phylogenetic and systematic part:Based on the morphogenetic and systematic studies of Oligohymenophorea ciliates,as well as the accumulation of phylogenetic data,we synthesized the morphological characteristics and morphogenesis model information,established the family Glaucomidae,Anteglaucoma based on comparison and analysis of the derived or key characters,and re-discussed the cladistic evolution of Tetrahymenidae and Philasteridae,and the relationship between and within groups.Based on the SSU r DNA sequences and part of cytochrome coxidase subunit I(cox1)gene sequence,the systematic positions of Anteglaucoma orientalis n.sp.,and A.harbinensis were discussed;Tetrahymena silvana,T.pyriformis Cyclidium glaucoma,C.vorax,and Uronema marinum.the phylogenetic relationships among the families and genera of Scuticociliatia and Hymenostomatia were further analyzed and discussed.3.Taxonomic part:A new species of Anteglaucoma,and detailed morphological data of seven known species(A.harbinensis,Tetrahymena pyriformis,T.silvana,Cyclidium glaucoma,C.vorax,Uronema nigricans,and U.marinum)were provided with incomplete taxonomic information.The morphological data of the diversity of oligohymenophorea ciliates from different habitats were investigated,in order to clear up numerous confusions left by history,and clarifie the definition of species and genera.