Comparative Study Of Three Kinds Of Ciliates On Morphology And Morphogenesis Of The Ciliature Microtubular Organelles

The ciliates are ideal material to study on the structure and fuction of microtubular organelles of Eukaryotic cell.The former study focused on Paramecium and Tetrahymena which is low in evolution.Studies on Hypotrichous ciliates which are high in evolution will give more explanation for regulation of cell and microtubular organization.We chose Pseudourostyla cristata,Euplote,Tachysoma with fluorescent labeling of fluorescent taxoid and anti-αtubulin antibody as the typical species to study the rules of orientation and morphogenesis of microtubular organelles.The results were as the following.1 Similar characters of microtubular strcture1)Microtubular organelles in all the three kinds of ciliates included adoral zone of membranelles(AZM),undulating membranes(UM),frontal-midventral-transverse cirri(FVTC), left & fight marginal cirri(L- & RMC)and the base-associated microtubules of these ciliatures.2)The base-associated microtubules consisted of anterior longitudinal microtubules(ALM), posterior longitudinal microtubules(PLM),transverse microtubules(TM).3)In the basal part of the AZM of the three,membranelle brackets were ladder-like. The membranelle brackets located in the collar portion are connected with∧-shaped microtubules.4)The ALM under the base of TC presented the character of aggregation.2 Different characters of microtubular strcture1)The location and orientation of TM varied in different species.L- & RMC base microtubules which located at the left-end of the base of cirri in Pseudourostyla cristata were not well-developed.TM in Euplote was perpendicular to the five welldeveloped ALM.TM under the L- & RMC base in Tachysoma extended to the left.2)Each species contained different kinds of microtubular structures.The base-associated microtubules of the two rows of ventral cirri(VC)in Pseudourostyla assemble close to form a cord-like structure and TM of the two rows of VC extend in opposite directions.TC base five ALM in Euplote extended from the back-end to the front-end of the cell.These five ALM almost ran longitudinally through the whole cell. ALM and PLM in Euplote extended from the base of cirri to the left anterior and right posterior separately in triangular way,and RM extended as stretched-five-finger to the left consistently.MC base TM extended in the cortex gradually from the surface in the front-end to the deep in the back-end.3 Similar characters of Morphogenesis1)The process of the morphogenesis were sequential in all the three.That is AZM-UM-FVTC-MC.2)The old cirri was renewed to different extent.Part of the old cirri persisted unchanged for a long time may help to move when the new ciliatures formed,then declined functionally and degenerated in the end.4 Different characters of Morphogenesis1)Renewal of the old AZM:During the process of the morphogenesis of Pseudourostyla cristata in the ventral cortex,AZM of proter was generated from the renewed lapel part of AZM(AZM-L),the old AZM-C as well as the conserved minor intersection between AZM-L and AZM-C.During the process of the morphogenesis of Euplote in the ventral cortex,the renewal of the old AZM occurred much faster than the degeneration of it.So it was so harder to get the picture of degeneration of the old AZM.The old AZM was wholely renewed eventually.During the process of the morphogenesis of Tachysoma,the whole old AZM was renewed.2)The location where oral primordium(OP)started:OP of opisthe in Pseudourostyla cristata began to occur at the left-end of VC and near TC which didn't degenerate might play a role of "reference point" or "orientation".It can finally support the theory that OP in Euplote occured in the deep cortex.During the process of the morphogenesis of Tachysoma,OP of opisthe started nearby left- posterior of the old AZM which were different from the other species in Tachysoma.