The Study On Distributions Of Genes Related To Alcohol Metabolism And The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption And Blood Pressure Among Hani And Yi Ethnics In Yunnan Province

Objectives:To investigate the current situation of alcohol consumption,distribution of alcohol metabolism genes and hypertension of Hani and Yi ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province,to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption behaviors and alcohol metabolism genes,and to estimate the effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure.According to the results,some suggestions will put forward to control harmful drinking and reduce the prevalence of hypertension.Methods:A purposive sampling method was adopted to select permanent residents of Hani and Yi minority groups aged 12 years and above(residence time?6 months)in Ninger and Shiping counties of Yunnan Province as the survey subjects.Questionnaire survey was used to collect residents' basic information,alcohol consumption and alcohol-related attitudes.Physical examination was conducted on the respondents,and the height,weight,blood pressure and other data of the respondents were collected.Body mass index was calculated,and blood samples of the respondents were collected and sent to a professional biological company for biological testing.The Hardy-Weinberg(H-W)equilibrium test was used to test the sample population representativeness.EpiData3.1 software was used to establish the database,and IBM SPSS24.0 software package was used for all statistical analyses.The rate and composition ratio represent the basic situation of the respondents.Chi-square test was used for comparison between different rates,rank sum test was used for grade data,t test and ANOVA were used for continuous data consistent with normal distribution.The influencing factors of drinking behavior and hypertension were studied by logistic regression analysis or multiple linear regression analysis.Factor analysis was used to extract common factors for various alcohol-related variables.Test level ?=0.05,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The dominant genotype of ADH2 in both Hani and Yi people was ADH2 AG,the constituent ratios were 0.534 and 0.484,respectively.The dominant genotype of ALDH2 in both Hani and Yi people was ALDH2 CC,the constituent ratios were 0.866 and 0.829,respectively.The dominant genotype of CYP2E1 in both Hani and Yi people was CYP2E1 GG,the constituent ratios were 0.776 and 0.735,respectively.The dominant genotype of 5HT1B in both Hani and Yi people was 5HT1B AA,the constituent ratios were 0.806 and 0.822,respectively.The dominant genotype of FAAH in both Hani and Yi people was FAAH CC,the constituent ratios were 0.601 and 0.679,respectively.The distributions of 5HT1B genotype,FAAH genotype and FAAH C/A allele frequency were significantly different between Hani and Yi ethnic minority groups(P<0.05).The frequency of ALDH2 TT(constituent ratio:0.007)genotype and the frequency of ALDH2 T(constituent ratio:0.099)allele were dominant among non-drinkers(P<0.05).The frequency of ADH2 AA(constituent ratio:0.190)genotype and the frequency of ALDH2 T(constituent ratio:0.092)allele were dominant in Hani ethnic people without drinking history(P<0.05).The allele frequency of ALDH2 T(constituent ratio:0.119)was dominant in Yi ethnic people without drinking history(P<0.05).The frequency of CYP2E1 C allele was dominant in Hani ethnic minority group current drinkers(P<0.05).The frequency of ADH2 A allele was dominant in the low level drinking group(constituent ratio:0.464)and the dangerous drinking group(constituent ratio:0.448)(P<0.001).The frequency of ADH2 AA(constituent ratio:0.164)genotype was dominant in the Hani non-harmful drinking group(P<0.05).The frequency of FAAH AA(constituent ratio:0.083)genotype and the frequency of FAAH A(constituent ratio:0.323)allele were dominant in the Hani harmful drinking group(P<0.05).FAAH CC(composition ratio:0.670)genotype frequency was dominant in the overall non-harmful drinking group(P<0.05).Diagnostic test results showed that the ALDH2 genotype may be defective genotype(ALDH2 CT)when the frequency of flushing response after drinking is sometimes,most of the time and always.Of the 681 respondents,278 were current drinkers,giving an overall drinking rate of 40.8%.The drinking rate showed a downward trend with the increase of age(P<0.001),and the current drinkers accounted for 74.5%in males and 11.3%in females.The drinking rate,risk level of alcohol intake and frequency of alcohol consumption in males were significantly higher than those in females,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The age of men to start drinking was earlier than that of women(P<0.001).The standardized drinking rates of Hani and Yi were 43.1%and 37.6%,respectively.The risk level and frequency of alcohol intake of Yi drinkers were higher than those of Hani,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Analysis results of influencing factors of drinking behavior of respondents showed that male,Hani,current smoking behavior,and bad drinking environment of friends were risk factors for residents' current drinking,while male,Hani,current smoking behavior,high age group,and bad drinking environment of friends would increase the drinking degree of the population.The systolic blood pressure level of the study population was 127.9±19.0mmHg,and the diastolic blood pressure level was 84.2±36.3mmHg,and the systolic blood pressure level showed an increasing trend with the increase of age(P<0.05).The level of systolic blood pressure in the group with a history of alcohol drinking(129.6±18.0mmHg)was higher than that in the group without a history of alcohol drinking(126.3 ±19.8mmHg)(P<0.05).The level of systolic blood pressure in the dangerous drinking group(133.4 ± 18.6mmHg)was higher than that in the non-drinking group(126.9±19.7mmHg)and the low level drinking group(128.0±17.6 mmHg)(all P<0.05).In Yi people,the diastolic blood pressure level of people with a history of alcohol drinking(83.7±12.1mmHg)was higher than that of people without a history of alcohol drinking(79.6±11.1mmHg),the diastolic blood pressure level of people with a low level of alcohol drinking(83.5±12.2mmHg)was higher than that of people without a history of alcohol drinking(80.2±11.1mmHg),the diastolic blood pressure of current drinkers(83.6 ±12.3mmHg)was higher than that of current non-drinkers(80.2±11.1mmHg)(P<0.05),the diastolic blood pressure of harmful drinkers(84.0±12.9mmHg)was higher than that of non-harmful drinkers(80.8±11.1mmHg)(P<0.05).There were 265 patients with hypertension(38.9%),and the prevalence of hypertension increased with age(P<0.001).The analysis results of the influencing factors of hypertension showed that older age,high BMI,history of alcohol drinking and high degree of alcohol drinking would increase the risk of hypertension.Conclusions:The genotype frequencies of 5HT1B TT and FAAH AA are different between Hani and Yi ethnic minority groups,while the genotype frequencies of ADH2,ALDH2 and CYP2E1 and their alleles frequencies are not different between Hani and Yi ethnic minority groups.The dominant genotypes of Hani and Yi people are ADH2 AG,ALDH2 CC,CYP2E1 GG,5HT1B AA and FAAH CC,and the constituent ratios of ADH2 AG and ALDH2 CC are significant higher in the drinkers than in non-drinkers.In the Hani ethnic minority group,drinking history is related to the ADH2 AA genotype and the ALDH2 T allele.In the Yi people,drinking history is related to the ALDH2 T allele.In the Hani ethnic minority group,current alcohol consumption is associated with the CYP2E1C allele.The polymorphism of FAAH gene is associated with the screening of drinking disorders,and the AA carriers of FAAH are significantly distributed in the harmful drinkers.No 5HT1B gene polymorphisms are found to be associated with drinking behaviors.The drinking behavior of residents is affected by many factors.Male,Hani ethnic,current smoking behavior,poor drinking environment will increase the incidence of current drinking;Men,Hani ethnic minority group,current smoking,older age groups,and poor drinking environment may increase people's drinking level.Health education related to alcohol consumption should be strengthened to reduce excessive drinking and even abstain from drinking.Both low and excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of hypertension,and no "J" type association is found between alcohol consumption and blood pressure.Older age,high BMI,history of alcohol consumption,and higher degree of alcohol consumption are possible risk factors for hypertension.