| Background:Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)exist in a variety of tissues and possess the ability of self-renewal,multidirectional differentiation and immune regulation.Therefore,MSCs are an important seed cell and gene therapy vector in cell therapy and tissue engineering research.In recent years,people have tried to extract mesenchymal stem cells from a variety of tissues.So far,MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues including bone marrow,teeth,fat,peripheral blood,skin,amniotic fluid,umbilical cord blood and placenta.At present,the research on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is the most thorough.However,the process of bone marrow extraction is invasive and may be accompanied by viral or bacterial contamination and the number and quality of extracted cells will be greatly affected by the age of the donor.Although fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells are relatively abundant,the collection process is also invasive.Fetal derived mesenchymal stem cells are difficult to obtain and have significant ethical issues that limit their use.However,the number of mesenchymal stem cells in amniotic fluid is limited and it is difficult to extract mesenchymal stem cells,which still has some limitations in clinical treatment.Looking for strong proliferation activity,therefore,made easy,sources,bacteria,fungus contamination rate is low,no ethical issues,is a research and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in the key,and between the source of umbilical cord and placenta mesenchymal stem cell proliferation ability strong,drawn without injury,medical waste,rich source,bacteria,fungi infection rate is low,no tumorigenicity,low immunogenicity and without ethical limitation,is currently has wide application prospect in cell therapy and regenerative medicine seed cells.The structure of the placenta is composed of amniotic membrane,chorionic membrane and basal decidua of the fetus.Studies have shown that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and placental mesenchymal stem cells from different levels have unique proliferative and immunomodulatory characteristics,and the secretion of paracrine cytokines is also different.UC-MSCs(umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells)and pMSCs(placental mesenchymal stem cells)both have low immunogenicity and outstanding immunoregulatory ability.Through their immunoregulatory properties,UC-MSCs can regulate tissue regeneration and various immune diseases,so they can be widely used in immune system diseases and transplantation and repair of damaged organs.Implantation of amniotic and chorionic derived mesenchymal stem cells in xenograft animal models is beneficial to avoid or even actively inhibit host immune rejection.In addition,PMSCs have an in vitro support and nutritional effect on hematopoietic cells,because PMSCs can secrete various hematopoietic factors,such as IL-6,macrophage colony stimulating factor,stem cell factor,etc.After co-culturing PMSCs with cord blood stem cells,PMSCs can greatly increase the number of cord blood stem cells,and PMSCs can inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes,which is the best feeding layer of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells.Mesenchymal stem cells extracted from different placental tissue types are heterogeneous,which is mainly reflected in the differences in the proliferation rate,cytokines secreted and immune regulation ability of MSCs.However,the existing.studies have not identified the biological characteristics of these five kinds of placental MSCs.Therefore,in this study,the biological characteristics,karyotype and transcriptome gene sequence analysis of umbilical cord and placental mesenchymal stem cells from five different sources were analyzed,so as to provide reference for clinical treatment and research on the selection of appropriate seed cells.Object:By comparing the biological characteristics,karyotypes and transcriptome gene sequences of different levels of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord and human placenta,the similarities and differences of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources were discussed in order to provide the most suitable seed cells for clinical treatment and research.Methods:We collected placentas from 30 healthy parturients,and isolated MSCs from different parts of placental tissue,including umbilical cord(UC),amniotic membrane(AM),chorionic membrane(CM),chorionic villus(CV),and decidua(DC).Six cases of MSCs of different levels were selected,and their biological characteristics were analyzed in terms of cell morphology,proliferation rate,cell viability,immunophenotype,differentiation ability,submicroscopic structure,karyotype analysis,secretory factor profile,etc.,and transcriptome sequence analysis was performed on four kinds of fetal origin MSCs.Results:The surface markers of MSCs from the five sources can all meet the minimum standard of International Association for Cell Therapy(ISCT)in 2006,and all of them can express specific markers and differentiate into fat,bone and nerve,but there are great differences in proliferation rate,migration ability and cytokine secretion,etc.The umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,amniotic mesenchymal stem cells,chorionic smooth muscle layer mesenchymal stem cells,chorionic trophoblast mesenchymal stem cells were all from the fetus,and the decuvial mesenchymal stem cells were from the mother.The gene sequence of fetal derived MSCs was different.Conclusions:1.Five different tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)all have similar phenotypes,submicroscopic structures and multi-lineage differentiation potential,but UC-MSCs and CV-MSCs show stronger proliferative ability and are the most abundant and abundant stem cells,which are the ideal sources for large-scale culture and clinical treatment and research.2.MSCs isolated from UC,AM,CM and CV were derived from the fetus,and DC-MSCs from the mother;3.Observation by transmission electron microscopy showed that placenta-derived MSCs had stronger adhesion ability,umbilical cord derived MSCs had stronger migration ability,placenta-derived MSCs had richer ribosomes,and their secretion capacity was stronger than umbilical cord derived MSCs.4.Compared with AM-MSCs,CM-MSCs and DC-MSCs,CV-MSCs and UC-MSCs secreted higher levels of paracrine factors;5.Based on the comparison of transcriptome sequencing analysis,HMSCs from UC and placenta have similar gene expression patterns,but there are some differences.This specific gene is involved in cell cycle,cell division,cell death,cell growth and development;It also plays a role in transcriptional regulation,DNA repair,DNA replication,and chromosomal stability,which are important components of cellular or subcellular component movement,cellular communication,cellular tissue processes,cytokine secretion,and hormone metabolism.To some extent,transcriptome sequencing results explain the differences in biological characteristics of MSCs from different sources. |
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