Differentiation Of Neural Stem Cells Based On Wireless Electrical Stimulation

Neural Stem Cells(NSCs)have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation,and are the source of seed cells for tissue regeneration.The transplantation of NSCs is a promising new treatment method for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuron loss.This mainly depends on how to induce neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons and improve the efficiency of directed differentiation.Electrical activities play an important role in the migration,proliferation and differentiation of stem cells.Therefore,electrical stimulation(ES)has significant advantages in regulating the behavior of stem cells on conductive scaffolds for neural tissue engineering.Conductive scaffolds used for nerve tissue engineering mainly include carbon-based scaffolds and polymer scaffolds.Among the conductive scaffolds,graphene materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine due to their good biocompatibility,excellent conductivity,unique topological structure and relatively large specific surface area,and can induce the differentiation of neural stem cells.Furthermore,conductive hydrogels have quickly gained attention in the field of tissue engineering owing to their soft texture,similarity to extracellular matrix,good biocompatibility and electrical conductivity.Studies have shown that electrical stimulation can promote neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth,thereby promoting the regeneration of the nervous system.This article systematically summarizes and reports two types of conductive scaffolds to achieve wireless electrical stimulation to enhance the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells.The annular graphene was fabricated by chemical vapor deposition,the GelMA-Pani annular conductive hydrogel was prepared by polyaniline(Pani)and methacrylic anhydride gelatin(GelMA),and then use them as a secondary coil to achieve wireless ES through electromagnetic induction.The conductive materials showed good biocompatibility for culturing of NSCs with high viability.The results showed that wireless ES did not significantly affect cell viability and stemness maintenance,but enhanced the neuronal differentiation of NSCs and promoted the formation of neurons,and the neuron differentiation ratio was increased by 2.41±0.09 folds.In general,it provides a strategy for realizing the synergy of wireless ES and conductive scaffold in neuro regenerative medicine,and can be further applied to other tissue regeneration.