Characteristics Of Soil Biological Properties And Microbial Diversity Of Russula SP

For artificial cultivation or improving the yield and quality of Russula sp,the soil biological properties and microbial diversity in Castanopsis hystrix forest,which grows with Russula sp were analyzed.Soil samples were sampled in spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively.Meanwhile,soil samples,which grow and cannot grow with Russula sp were also collected(109°16?31?E,22°12?30?N).By using traditional and high-throughput sequencing technologies,soil biological properties and microbial diversity in Castanopsis hystrix forest in every stage are as follows:1)The amount of cultivable bacteria in soil of Castanopsis hystrix forest,was increasing from spring to summer.However,it was decreasing in autumn and recovered to the level of spring in winter.The amount of cultivable fungi and actinomycetes is similar to that of culturable bacteria.But the amount of cultivable fungi decreased significantly after entering autumn and winter,the amount of cultivable actinomycetes was no significantly change in winter.In addition,in comparison with the soil growing with Russula sp,the amounts of cultivable bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil without growing with Russula sp,were all significantly lower than those in the former.2)The activity of ?-glucosidase was increasing from spring to autumn,but decreased in winter.The activities of phosphatase and aminopeptidase both showed an upward trend from spring to summer.But from autumn to winter,the activity of phosphatase showed a trend that decreasing first and then increasing,while the activity of aminopeptidase showed a gradual decreasing trend.Meanwhile,in comparison with the soils growing with Russula sp,the activity of phosphatase was decreased.By contrast,the activity of aminopeptidase was increased.However,the activity of ?-glucosidase had no significantly changed in soils which were not growing with Russula sp.3)Microbial biomass carbon(MBC)shows a decreasing trend.The contents of microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)change significantly from summer to autumn,that MBN increased and MBP decreased,but the content in other seasons did not change significantly.In addition,in comparison with the soils growing with Russula sp,MBC was decreased,MBN increased and MBP had no significantly changed in soils which were not growing with Russula sp.4)Analysis of soil bacterial diversity in soil of Castanopsis hystrix forest,21 in phylum level,53 in class level,131 in order level,200 in family level,309 in genus level,551 in species level,and 1557 in OTU level were detected,respectively.Meanwhile,the indexes of bacterial richness showed in downward trend from spring to autumn,and slightly increase in winter.Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Xanthobacteraceae,Acidothermus and Bradyrhizobium are the dominant bacterial communities in soils of Castanopsis hystrix forest all the year round under different level of classification.In addition,in comparison with the soils growing with Russula sp,though the indexes of bacterial diversity and richness had no significant difference between soils which growing or without growing with Russula sp.However,the rates of Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Xanthobacteraceae were decreased,and Acidothermus and Bradyrhizobium were increased in soils which were not growing with Russula sp.5)Analysis of soil fungal diversity in soil of Castanopsis hystrix forest,10 in phylum level,29 in class level,69 in order level,149 in family level,241 in genus levels,323 in species level and 978 in OTU level were detected,respectively.Meanwhile,the fungal diversity is gradually decreasing from spring to autumn,but promotes in winter.On the contrary,the fungal abundance shows an increasing trend all the year round.Basidiomycota,Ascomycota,Russulaceae,and Russula are the dominant fungal communities in soils of Castanopsis hystrix forest all the year round under different level of classification.In addition,even though there is no significant difference with fungal diversity in soils between growing or without growing Russula sp,but the fungal richness decrease in soil without growing Russula sp.In comparison with the soil growing with Russula sp,the rate of Ascomycota decreases,but the rates of Basidiomycota,Russulaceae and Russula under different classification levels are significantly increased in soil without growing Russula sp.That is,the fungal community composition in soils without growing Russula sp.is tending to be simple.In summary,the amount of cultivable microorganisms,the activities of soil enzymes which related to carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles,the soil microbial biomass C,N,and P,soil microbial diversity in soils of Castanopsis hystrix forest were all affected at different levels by seasonal changed.The enriched Russula fungus in soils is the essential conditions for the growth of Russula,however,the single fungal community composition,and enriched nitrogen,lower phosphorus providing patterns are the important reasons for the soils without growing Russula sp.in Castanopsis hystrix forest.