Resource Integration And Database Construction Of Protein Phosphorylation Sites In Prokaryotes

In prokaryotes,protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulating a broad spectrum of biological processes and occurs mainly on various amino acids,including serine(S),threonine(T),tyrosine(Y),arginine(R),aspartic acid(D),histidine(H)and cysteine(C)residues of protein substrates.Through literature curation and other resources integration,here we established an updated data repository of phosphorylation sites(p-sites)in prokaryotes(db PSP 2.0)that contains 19,296 experimentally identified p-sites in 8,586 proteins from 200 prokaryotic organisms,which belong to 12 phyla of two kingdoms,bacteria and archaea.In order to provide detailed annotation information of these phosphoproteins and p-sites,we integrated the knowledge from 88 publicly available resources that covers 9 aspects,namely,taxonomy annotation,genome annotation,function annotation,transcriptional regulation,sequence and structure information,family and domain annotation,interaction,orthologous information and biological pathway.Based on the existing data,we further conducted statistical mining on the coverage of phosphoproteins,the conservation of p-sites and the sequence preferences of different types of p-sites in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.The results of data analysis showed that phosphorylation was less conserved in prokaryotic species as a whole,leading to the phenomenon of low phosphorylation coverage in prokaryotes.Meanwhile,this result suggested the potential association between phosphorylation and biological phenotype,which will provide a theoretical basis for the research on the mechanism of phosphorylation in the prokaryotic evolution process.We integrated all data above into the database,in contrast to version 1.0(～30 MB),db PSP 2.0 contains ～9 GB of data,with a 300-fold increased volume,at the same time realized the multi-layer annotation information integration,and diversified data browsing,retrieval and downloading way,which can serve as a useful data resource for further investigating phosphorylation events in prokaryotes.db PSP 2.0 open and free for all users,can be accessed through the following url: http://dbpsp.biocuckoo.cn.