A Comparative Study Of Chinese And Foreign Natural Resource Assets And Liabilities Accounting

Balance sheet of natural resources is a new concept put forward by the third plenary session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,which is to help the management to properly deal with the relationship between human and nature.As balance sheet of natural resources is based on the accounting of resource assets and liabilities,relevant accounting is widely studied.Studies on resources and environment accounting has been carried out for a long time in foreign countries,which is fruitful in theory and practice.China's academic and practical circles keep learning about foreign resources accounting.However,there are still some disputes between China and foreign countries on natural resources accounting.And a universal,unified and mature accounting model has not yet been formed.First,this paper compares the two logics of natural resource asset and liability accounting between China and foreign countries,thereby finding the essential difference between accounting logic and statistics accounting logic.Moreover,this paper further studies Chinese and foreign natural resources assets and liabilities accounting from perspectives of accounting subject,accounting object,measurement method,accounting results and practical application.This paper introduces comprehensive international environmental accounting standards:accounting resources studies by the United Nations SEEA2012,foreign advanced countries,China's National Statistics Bureau and Chinese scholars.Furthermore,the above analysis will help clarify consensus and controversy on domestic and foreign natural resources accounting researches,introducing disputes about the accounting elements,the selection of natural resource measurement methods and the design of accounting report forms in China and other countries.Finally,this paper is to put forward the enlightenment of exploring the accounting of assets and liabilities of natural resources and the research ideas of accounting of assets and liabilities of natural resources in China,and design the balance sheet and accounting system framework after learning foreign experience of resource accounting and fully understanding China's natural resources and environment.The accounting system is based on the four balance items.This paper mainly holds that the resource statistics logic based on the organization of pilot projects by the National Statistics Bureau and the United Nations SEEA2012 cannot meet the requirements of the third plenary session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee in terms of exploring and compiling the balance sheet of natural resources and implementing environmental responsibility.A balance sheet based on “assets=liabilities=rights”is necessary.Moreover,this paper believes that the government shall serve as the accounting subject according to the attributes of the public property rights of natural resources in China.According to the characteristics of natural resources in China and the experience of countries such as the United Nations and Australia,this paper proposes that China should further specific the classification of natural resources assets,attach equal importance to physical quantity and value quantity accounting,and make China's natural resources assets part of the national balance sheet accounting.Finally,according to China's purpose of compiling the balance sheet of natural resources,the interrelationship between SNA and SEEA of national accounting system and the experience of advanced national practice,this paper proposes that the balance sheet and accounting system should follow the statistics accounting logic and the accounting logic,thereby reflecting the flow and the stock,the value and the physical quantity,and combining single and double forms.