Wetland Degradation Assessment And Ecological Compensation Based On Landscape Approach

Wetland has a very high biological productivity,which provides a variety of well-being for human beings.It is considered as an indispensable and irreplaceable resource.Although the ecological importance of wetlands is self-evident,their value is often ignored or underestimated.According to statistics,no matter in developed or developing countries,wetlands have been lost to varying degrees.Although China has done a lot of work in wetland protection and management and achieved some results in wetland protection,on the whole,the trend of wetland degradation in China is still difficult to effectively contain and reverse in a short period of time.Taking the national nature reserve of Zoige plateau wetland as an example,in recent years,with the gradual development of regional economy and the aggravation of human interference activities,wetland ecological security is seriously threatened.Therefore,in order to understand the degradation process and degree of Zoige Wetland Reserve,protect and restore wetland resources reasonably,it is imperative to evaluate the degradation and find appropriate ecological compensation methods.Starting from the landscape structure,based on the landscape pattern index,this study analyzes the land use data of Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve,and finds that there is wetland degradation.Using the AHP method to assign the weight of the index,and combining with the comprehensive evaluation method,a comprehensive evaluation model is established,and the comprehensive index of wetland degradation in the study area is calculated to determine the wetland regression After ranking,the paper puts forward a targeted optimization scheme of ecological compensation from the perspective of subject and object and compensation mode.The results are as follows:(1)The selected 8 landscape indexes systematically reflect the landscape pattern characteristics of Zoige Wetland Reserve in 1990,2000,2010 and 2018.In general,the landscape pattern of Zoige Wetland Reserve is fragmented and decentralized,the number of landscape patch types has increased,the dominant patches have been replaced,the impact of interference has increased,and the wetland ecological environment shows a trend of degradation.(2)AHP is used to assign the weight of the established evaluation indexes,among which the weight of landscape level index is larger,followed by that of type level index.After normalization of 8 indexes,it is found that the weight values of landscape separation index and patch number index are the first and second respectively,which contribute the most to reflect the characteristics of landscape pattern.(3)The comprehensive evaluation method was used to model and calculate the degradation degree of Zoige Wetland Reserve.Finally,the degradation comprehensive index of Zoige Wetland Reserve is 0.3129,which belongs to the fourth level,it means moderate degradation.(4)The main causes of wetland degradation in Zoige include natural factors and socio-economic factors,the latter is considered to be the leading factor of wetland degradation.Temperature and evaporation in natural factors,population growth in socio-economic factors,indiscriminate mining,overgrazing and disordered tourism are the factors with high correlation with wetland degradation.(5)This paper analyzes the existing ecological compensation work in Zoige Wetland Reserve and puts forward the optimization scheme.It is suggested to improve the subject and object of compensation from the aspects of subject and object of compensation and compensation mode.It is necessary to clarify the subject and object of ecological compensation,integrate the local culture and poverty alleviation concept into the ecological compensation work,give priority to the compensation of farmers and herdsmen,and increase the construction of wetland ecotourism.