Alternate passive low pass filter realizations

The objective of this thesis investigation is to find by computer optimization methods alternate passive realizations for the double resistance terminated low pass Butterworth filters for the third through the tenth order. A second goal is to explain why they exist and to explore other means to derive them. The iterative optimization search performed uses the GOSPEL computer program. New realizations found by this method are presented. Aspects of error and accuracy are discussed as well as a figure of merit test which confirms the validity of the results. Alternate filter realizations produced by selection of left-half-plane zeros for the power reflection coefficient are discussed and a detailed example using this process is performed.