Integration, alignment, and sustainable governance: Analysis of sustainability initiatives from two West Coast cities

Local governments are key to implementing global sustainability goals that address improved social health in the areas of the environment, economy, and quality of life. In the past decade, thousands of local governments worldwide have embraced sustainability by initiating programs and goals. This study looked at how governance factors affect the successful integration of sustainability program goals and activities throughout all levels and units of government. Qualitative case studies of Portland, Oregon and Santa Monica, California were conducted using interviews and site visits. It was found that ongoing progress toward increased integration is happening, and yet more action is needed to radically transform information, decision-making, and resource allocation systems of governance in order to completely institutionalize sustainability into all government decisions and activities.