Personality variables: Their impact on exposure to traumatic events and development of post-traumatic stress symptoms

In examining predictors of PTSD, researchers have focused almost exclusively on intensity of the trauma and failed to examine individual differences in trauma exposure and symptom development. Recent studies, however, suggest that personality traits and demographic variables influence the likelihood of experiencing a trauma, and the severity of PTSD symptoms that emerge following a trauma. Guided by these findings, the present study examined the relationship between trauma intensity and PTSD symptoms, and the role personality variables play in trauma exposure and symptom development.;This study found that trauma intensity was the best predictor of PTSD scores, accounting for 40% of the variance symptom severity. However, it was not the only predictor of PTSD. As hypothesized, the personality trait Neuroticism acted like a lens magnifying the impact of trauma. This study also found that trauma exposure was not entirely random. Elevated levels of antisocial and borderline personality traits raise the risk of traumatization. This effect was especially pronounced for males. The findings support a diathesis-stress approach. Scholars are encouraged to look beyond trauma intensity to the role personality and demographic variables play in trauma exposure and symptom development. This is challenging since the influence of the former is substantial and can overshadow individual differences. However, only by examining individual differences is it possible to understand the rich interplay of factors influencing trauma victims.