| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) will be regarded as a serious public health concern of this century, the prevalence of which will significantly increase in the next decades. The systematic and in-depth research of PTSD has great social realistic meaning and economic value. The first part of this paper attempts to explore the long-term influences of severe acute earthquake trauma on PTSD symptoms, quality of life, and the ability to function in social or family life of survivors, and to investigate the effects of individual difference on PTSD, such as personality, coping style, social support, quality of sleep and other factors,hoping to provide further explanation on the critical question’After the same traumatic event, why only a small part of them develop to PTSD’. At the same time, we also take the time course into consideration, and try to sample the survivors from the different time points, to add new information of PTSD changes with time. The second part of this paper aim to analyze brain cognitive difference among the survivor with PTSD, survivor without PTSD and normal population by objective method. Finally, combined with the subjective data of questionnaire to investigate the effect of individual difference on brain cognition of survivors who experienced trauma. We hope to do the studies systematically from different levels. The contents are as follows.The first part of this paper are the questionnaire survey, and include four studies:the first study investigates the long-term consequences of PTSD symptoms and general mental health 1-3 years after the earthquake. The results:1) The long-term consequences of severe acute earthquaketrauma after 1-3 years:the incidence of PTSD,SDS,SAS and GHQ-12 is 24.2%,19.0%,37.8% and 47.5%,respectively.2) Gender, educational level and time course have significant effect on PTSD.3)Trauma experience whether the survivors themselves or relatives and friends are seriously injured influenced PTSD significantly.The second study explores the trauma survivors quality of life (QOL) and the correlation with PTSD through questionnaires. Results:The QOL of survivors with PTSD is significantly lower than that of survivors without PTSD after earthquake 1-3 years. Earthquaketrauma not only affects the survivors’ severity of PTSD, but also affected the quality of life (QOL).The third study investigates the correlation of PTSD symptoms and academic performance in trauma survivors through questionnaires. Results:1)The PTSD is negatively correlated with academic performance. Earthquake trauma, not only affects the survivors of the psychological health level of PTSD can also affect the academic performance.2)The subjective feelings of fear trauma survivors may be a predictor of long-term consequences.3)The teacher or classmate’s help have a significant impact on the students, which can be used as the key factors involved in the intervention.The fourth study explores the individual difference in the critical question"After the same traumatic event, why only a small part of the development of PTSD" through questionnaires. Results:1) The incidence of survivors’ sleep quality problem is 53.6% after earthquake 1-3 years.2) The overall contribution of demographic factors, trauma exposure factors and individual difference factors on the rate of PTSD was 29%,and the individual difference factors has the maximum contribution rate(16%).3) Age, trauma exposure factors (E4,E9 and E10)and individual differences(Personality traits N, sleep quality and negative coping) are the main influencing factors of PTSD.The second part of this paper are the experimental study by task switching ang priming effect paradigm, and also include four experiments. The first experiment explores the brain cognitive difference between trauma survivors and normal population. The result shows that:The cognitive switching flexibility of the survivors was negatively affected lingeringly 1 years after earthquaketrauma:the accuracy (ACC) falls and the reaction time(RT) increases.The second experiment explores the brain cognitive difference between survivors with PTSD and survivors without PTSD. The result shows that:1) Cognitive flexibility is continuously decreased in the three groups of normal population, survivors without PTSD and survivors with PTSD, which decreased most significantly survivors with PTSD.2) The cognitive flexibility of survivors is affected by the current emotional arousal. The group of survivors with PTSD is more sensitive in disaster and positive emotional arousal.The third experiment explores the survivor’s brain cognitive difference in the different emotional arousal condition by expanding the subject sample. The result shows that: 1)The third trial reported similar findings with the second experiment:Cognitive flexibility is continuously decreased in the three groups of normal population, survivors without PTSD and survivors with PTSD, which decreased most significantly survivors with PTSD.2) The cognitive flexibility of survivors is affected by the current emotional arousal. The group of survivors with PTSD is more sensitive in disastrous emotional arousal.The fourst experiment investigates the effect of individual difference on brain cognition of survivors who experienced trauma, combined with the subjective data of questionnaire. The result shows that:1) The overall contribution of demographic factors, trauma exposure factors and ndividual difference factors on the cognitive flexibility was 23.5%, and the individualdifference factors has the maximum contribution rate (9.4%).2) Age, trauma exposure factors (The level of PTSD, E4, E9 and E10) and individual differences (Personality traits E, Personality traits N, and Perceived social support (PSSS)) are the main influencing factors of cognitive flexibility.Conclusions:1)The long-term consequences of earthquaketrauma after 1-3 years:the incidence of PTSD,SDS,SAS, GHQ-12 and Sleep quality is 24.2%,19.0%,37.8%,47.5% and 53.6%, respectively.2) The QOL of survivors with PTSD is significantly lower than that of survivors without PTSD after earthquake 1-3 years. Traumatic event not only affects the survivors’severity of PTSD, but also affected the quality of life (QOL).3) The PTSD is negatively correlated with academic performance after earthquake 1-3 years. Traumatic events, not only affects the survivors of the psychological health level of PTSD can also affect the academic performance.4) The overall contribution of demographic factors, trauma exposure factors and individual difference factors on the rate of PTSD was 29%,and the individual difference factors has the maximum contribution rate (16%).5) Age, trauma exposure factors (E4:a loved one is seriously injured,E9:witnessed the tragic scene and E10:feel intense fear at that time)and individual differences(Personality traits N, sleep quality and negative coping) are the main influencing factors of PTSD.6) The cognitiveswitching flexibility of the survivors was negatively affected lingeringly 1 years after the major acute traumatic stress (earthquake):the accuracy (ACC) falls and the reaction time(RT) increases.7) Cognitive flexibility is continuously decreased in the three groups of normal population, survivors without PTSD and survivors with PTSD, which decreased most significantly survivors with PTSD.8)The overall contribution of demographic factors, trauma exposure factors and individual difference factors on the cognitive flexibility was 23.5%, and the individual difference factors has the maximum contribution rate (9.4%).9) Age, trauma exposure factors (The level of PTSD, E4:a loved one is seriously injured,E9:witnessed the tragic scene and E10:feel intense fear at that time) and individual differences (Personality traits E, Personality traits N, and Perceived social support (PSSS)) are the main influencing factors of cognitive flexibility. |
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