| Decreased reservoir supplies of oil allow more salt to be brought to the surface and pipelines to transport larger volumes of salt water over greater distances. A tendency for on-site sodium salt spillage throughout the many stages of petroleum extraction exists, and sodium salt spills are both detrimental to both soil and plant life and costly and time consuming to remediate. Several remediation options are discussed: chemical amendments include different types of calcium products, and physical remediation ranges from contouring changes, tile and drainage systems to halophytic revegetation and organic matter amendments. Remediation guidelines are provided for reference for those assessing spills out on-site. Amendments are compared; however, no final solutions are provided because remediation ranges dramatically for each site depending on a variety of characteristics, which are discussed. Further, companies' time lines for clean-up and economic constraints may make some methods more preferred options than others. |
