The Southeast Shoal area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Potential as a marine protected area: A biophysical and socio-economic area examination

Southeast Shoal is a shallow (40–60 m depth), sandy shoal located on the southeast Grand Bank approximately 350 km off the Newfoundland coast (Tail of the Bank). The shoal is bisected by the Canadian 200-mile limit and thus lies partially in both Canadian and international waters. The SE Shoal and Tail of the Bank is an area of great traditional significance to commercial groundfish fisheries but recently stocks have been severely depleted resulting in closed fisheries. Offshore oil and gas exploration and development on the Grand Banks have increased in recent years. Shipping activity poses additional pollution threats.; Several groups and individuals have proposed Marine Protected Area (MPA) designation for the SE Shoal area, as MPAs have been successful in addressing similar management requirements in other locations. The SE Shoal area has high MPA potential for a number of reasons. The area is highly productive, ecologically diverse, and has unique geological, environmental and biological features. It is important habitat for commercially valuable species and several species at risk. Traditional marine management measures in the area have failed to ensure the sustainability of living resources and adequately protect them from potential threats. Current management needs in the area may be achieved through MPA establishment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)...