| The strand-Cartesian grid approach provides many advantages for complex moving- body flow simulations, including fully-automatic volume grid generation, highly scalable domain connectivity, and high-order accuracy. In this work the Spalart-Allmaras model is implemented, verified, and validated for high Reynolds number turbulent flows in a strand- Cartesian solver. Second-order convergence is achieved using the Method of Manufactured Solutions implying correct implementation of the turbulence model. By using the NASA- Langley online resource, specific flow cases are validated with two independent compressible codes: FUN3D and CFL3D. The strand solver is validated with zero-pressure gradient flat plate and bump-in-channel cases, and shows excellent agreement with FUN3D and CFL3D for various aspects of turbulent flow, including: velocity profiles, turbulent viscosity profile, coefficient of surface pressure, and drag. Methods of handling sharp corners with strand grids through combinations of strand vector smoothing, multiple strands emanating from a single surface node, and telescoping Cartesian refinement into corner regions of the near- body grid are investigated for a NACA 0012 case. For standard viscous high-aspect ratio grids, smoothed strands with telescoping Cartesian refinement provide the most accurate results with the least complexity. Mesh discontinuities associated with use of multiple strands at sharp corners produce more error than with smoothed strands. With both strand approaches -- vector smoothing and multiple strands -- targeted Cartesian refinement is critical to capture features near sharp corners where strand grids alone are too coarse to capture. Other results show agreement with FUN3D and CFL3D. By using strand vector smoothing and telescoping Cartesian refinement, a NACA 4412 trailing edge separation case is validated with comparison against CFL3D and FUN3D. Velocity profiles show reasonable agreement with CFL3D; however implementing preconditioning to the solver in the future may increase the accuracy of the solution. |
