| Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a skeletal disorder that affects patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Studies have demonstrated that trace elements can influence skeletal metabolism; therefore, we hypothesised that trace elements, namely fluoride, magnesium and aluminum, retained by ESRD-patients due to their renal deficiencies may alter bone quality in ROD. Results of the present study revealed that trace elements do influence bone in ROD. Fluoride interfered with bone mineralization to increase osteoid, which was most evident in osteomalacia and mixed bone disorder. Magnesium appeared to influence bone turnover in aplastic bone disorder through suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to a change in bone mineralization and microhardness. Furthermore, aluminum may exacerbate the effects of fluoride and magnesium in ROD. Lastly, magnesium and aluminum were associated with symptoms of ROD (bone pain and proximal myopathy); therefore, it is of clinical interest to further investigate the roles of trace elements in ROD. |
