| Surgery is a typical medical invasive procedure. In surgical operations, there are two procedures for entering the site (area of operation). These are traditional open surgery and minimally invasive surgery. The traditional open surgery procedure is one which penetrates or breaks the skin or enters a body cavity. Examples include those that involve perforation, an incision, a catheterization, or other entry into the body. An open surgery means cutting skin and tissues so the surgeon has a direct access to the structures or organs involved. Open surgery involves large incisions, in which the tissues are exposed to the air. Minimally invasive medical procedure is defined as one that is carried out by entering the body through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening, but with the smallest damage possible to these structures. Laparoscopic surgery also known as minimally invasive surgery is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions (usually 5 -- 15 mm) as opposed to larger incisions needed in laparotomy. In this procedure, 5 -- 10mm diameter instruments (graspers, scissors or clip applier) can be introduced by the surgeon into the abdomen through trocars (hollow tubes with a seal to keep the CO 2 from leaking).;The goal of this research study is to establish a relationship between the applied forces (by the trocar) to the displacement produced at the abdomen interface fascia and also carry it through to rupture. Biological tissue modeling has been the core focus area of this work. The present study attempts to model human abdomen behavior on existing multi-behavioral models available in software (ABAQUS). Multiple simulations under different material boundary conditions are done and are compared with experimental data. The stress-strain relationship obtained from these simulations will be used to build a trocar insertion training simulator, which will train medical students/surgeons in the future. |
