| The focus of this inquiry is the ethical basis for considerations and commitments surrounding decisions made in infant and young child feeding. The universal principles of biomedical ethics are explored in relation to the ideal essence of care and commitment to infants and young children in support of breastfeeding and lactation. The future of human existence in its emotional, physical, social health is created by the choices made in feeding and nurturing our young. The biological norm for breastfeeding as the optimal beginnings is supported by these ethical principles.;The World Health Organization describes health as a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease." The WHO, through the UN Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) "encourages countries to work for the highest standards of health while at the same time applying principles of justice, respect for freedom, human dignity and equity" (WHO 2004) in support of achieving of this health status. The ethical underpinnings of this support lie in the application of biomedical ethical principals and evidence-based medical practice standards in the arena of infant feeding practices. The UNCEF/WHO Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BHFI) was examined from this view. Social, economic, and political influences were reviewed from general ethical principles. A literature review of the importance of breastfeeding and lactation and therefore support was done. This shows imperative need for acting from ethical bases in support of biological infant and young child feeding through application of evidence-based practices such as the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. |
