| In recent years,the number of elderly people in China has increased dramatically,and the future pension problem of social members is becoming increasingly acute.In order to calm the tension of social members and create a harmonious society,China issued the decision on the establishment of a unified basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees in 1997,marking the establishment of the basic endowment insurance system.Based on the consideration of developing basic endowment insurance to cover all legal personnel,the national basic endowment insurance plan began to be launched in 2014.The national basic endowment insurance plan effectively improves the participation rate,but through the analysis of relevant data,this paper finds that there are some difficulties in the implementation process of the plan,leaving hidden dangers.How to solve these difficulties and speed up the process of planning has become the main purpose of this project.This project includes six parts:The first part explains the background and significance of the research on the national basic endowment insurance plan,and combs the relevant literature at the domestic and the abroad.At the same time,this project mainly uses literature analysis,statistical and econometric analysis and comparative analysis.The second part defines the concept of basic endowment insurance and its coverage,and the national basic endowment insurance plan.Moreover,this part also comments on the stakeholder theory,the limited rationality theory and the equalization of public services.The third part mainly states the development of national basic endowment insurance plan,combs the establishment and reform of the basic endowment insurance system.Finally,it describes the latest progress of the national basic endowment insurance plan.The fourth part discusses the difficulties in the implementation of the national basic endowment insurance plan.Using the stakeholder theory,the difficulties are focused on four aspects of government,enterprises,employees and urban and rural residents: first,the current system is not perfect,and there is collusion between local governments and enterprises in evading insurance participation;second,enterprises ignore the significance of this plan,resulting in the "anomie" behavior duringinsurance participation;third,there are still some employees who do not participate in the plan,so the pension rights and interests are difficult to be guaranteed;finally,the motivation for rural residents to participate in insurance has become a weak point in the implementation of the plan.In the fifth part,this project finds out the elements which causes the troubles encountered in the implementation of this plan.After the research,this project argues that the lack of government positioning,resulting in the current policy has not been improved.At the same time,it is found that the evasion behavior of enterprises is related to the factors of lower punishment and higher supervision cost of local government.In terms of employees,through interviews and data analysis,it is pointed out that employees' refusal to participate in insurance is due to weak cognition,high threshold of current system and strong job mobility.At last,there is a study on insurance behavior of urban and rural residents,which finds out the insufficient subsidy of basic endowment insurance is an important factor that hinders the residents from participating in the plan.The sixth part puts forward the corresponding suggestions,mainly including there points.First,the government should take active actions,such as resolving the fragmentation of the system,improving the insurance mechanism,moderately reducing the payment rate of the basic pension in employees and increasing the subsidies of the basic endowment insurance system;second,strictly supervising the insurance behaviors of enterprises;third,relevant departments should strengthen publicity and enhance the awareness of the insured. |
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