| In order to establish a social security system covering the whole people and solve the problem of providing for the aged,China has carried out a pilot project of a new rural social endowment insurance system since 2009,established a social endowment insurance system for urban residents in 2011,and merged the two basic endowment insurance systems in 2014 to make overall planning in the form of urban and rural residents’ endowment insurance system.As an important part of China’s endowment insurance system,the urban and rural residents’ endowment insurance system has made some achievements in the past 10 years,which helps to cope with the impact of China’s aging population and make the rights of basic endowment insurance equally shared by the whole people.However,in the process of continuous operation of the system,many problems have gradually emerged,mainly in the low level of residents’ payment and the low level of security.There are many reasons for the low level of payment.One of the reasons is that the incentive mechanism of urban and rural residents’ endowment insurance payment is not perfect and the incentive effect is not obvious.If the payment level of urban and rural residents can’t be improved,even if the basic pension standard is constantly improved,the pension insurance of urban and rural residents can’t bear the responsibility of providing for the aged,so how to encourage urban and rural residents to improve the payment level and long-term payment is very necessary.Based on the analysis of the statistical data of endowment insurance premiums of urban and rural residents in Anhui Province during 2014-2018,this paper finds that the average payment level of endowment insurance of urban and rural residents in Anhui Province lies between the lowest two levels of payment level,and the payment level is indeed low.Through sorting out the relevant policies of endowment insurance payment incentive for urban and rural residents in Anhui Province,it is found that there are a series of problems in the implementation of the payment incentive policies in Anhui Province,such as large differences,unscientific subsidy policies of different payment grades and subsidy methods of basic pension additional issuance,and low interest level of individual account of endowment insurance.The existence of these problems makes the current long-term payment incentive policy less attractive,and the incentive effect of the overpayment policy is not obvious.Moreover,due to the low interest level of the individual payment account,the individual account faces invisible losses,which alsoaffects the incentive effect of overpayment.Based on the comparative analysis of the policies and individual payment effects of three typical cities in Anhui Province,this paper explores the main reasons for the low effect of payment incentive in Anhui Province,including the low understanding of the incentive policies by the residents,the impact of the voluntary insurance payment system on the effectiveness of the payment incentive mechanism,and the lack of credibility of the system and the limited rationality of the residents limit the preference for high-grade payment,these reasons make it difficult for the incentive mechanism of endowment insurance payment of urban and rural residents in Anhui Province to play a role in promoting residents to pay more and pay longer.Because the payment incentive mechanism of urban and rural residents’ endowment insurance affects the insured behavior of residents,in order to better play the role of payment incentive mechanism,we must optimize the payment incentive policy in the determination and adjustment of basic pension,which should be linked with the total payment period;optimize the payment subsidy incentive of residents on the basis of improving the minimum payment level;establish financial incentive mechanism to ensure personal payment accumulation to maintain and increase value;strengthen policy propaganda and improve the incentive effect of residents’ payment;increase the financial input of the residents’ endowment insurance to provide guarantee for the implementation of the payment financial incentive;broaden the investment channels of pension funds and lay a solid foundation for the implementation of payment financial incentives. |
