The Mechanism And Effect Of "Three Rights Separation" In Farmland

Land is the mother of wealth and the material basis on which human beings depend,and the land system is the cornerstone for maintaining national stability and social development.Since the Reform and Opening-up,with the acceleration of urbanization,the rural labor force has been transferred to secondary and tertiary industries to obtain non-agricultural employment opportunities with higher income,resulting in the phenomenon of “unmanned farming”,“hollow villages” and land abandonment,resulting in a serious imbalance of Man-land relationship.In addition,in the context of advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities,agricultural modernization is an inevitable choice for China's agricultural industry structure to a certain stage of development,and the land property rights system of “separation of two rights” under the household contract responsibility system is no longer possible to solve the dilemma faced by the development of agricultural modernization.The “three rights separation” of agricultural land as an innovative design of rural property rights system,it happened at the right time to break this deadlock.It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use,increase farmers' income,activate land resources and develop rural economy.Nevertheless,most of the current research on the “three rights separation” of farmland still stays at the theoretical level of interpretation of policy connotation and expected performance.Few scholars have conducted in-depth research on the relationship between the “three rights separation” of farmland and farmers' income.The research on the mechanism of increasing income of the “three rights separation” of farmland is even rarer,and as a rural economic system,the actual policy effect of the “three rights separation” of farmland needs to be empirically tested.Based on this,the research in this article mainly starts from two aspects.First,it refers to related literature and materials to theoretically explore the income-increasing mechanism of the “three rights separation” of farmland.Second,taking Beishan area of Yuzhong County as an example,construct the indicator system between the “three rights separation” of farmland and farmers' income,using the DID model to test empirically the income increase effect of “three rights separation” of farmland,analyzing the factors affecting the income increase effect of “three rights separation”.finally,putting forward corresponding policy recommendations for the“three rights separation” of agricultural land in impoverished mountainous areas to promote agricultural income.Through research,the following conclusions are reached:(1)The “three rights separation” farmland is another major innovation of land property rights in China.Its formation is not an independent and simple institutional arrangement,but the result of the coordination and cooperation of related supporting systems.Farmland registration and certification provide legal protection for the “three rights separation” of farmland.Land consolidation provides the basic conditions for the smooth advancement of the “three rights separation” of farmland through comprehensive renovation of fields,water,roads,forests,and villages.As the core mechanism for releasing land management rights,land transfer is the main way for the “three rights separation” of farmland from macro-directivity to micro-implementat ion.The ultimate goal of the “three rights separation” of farmland is to realize the development of agricultural modernization,guiding the agricultural industrial structure of our country gradually to scale,intensive and efficient development.(2)As a rural property right economic system,the “three rights separation” of farmland itself has certain economic attributes,which is of great significance for promoting agricultural efficiency,farmers' income and rural development.This paper systematically analyzes the income-increasing mechanism of the “three rights separation” of farmland from the theoretical level,and concludes that the “three rights separation” of farmland releases the bondage of farmers to the land,releases the rural labor force,and then engages in secondary and tertiary industries obtain wage income.The core of the “three rights separation” of farmland is to release land management rights and promote the transfer of agricultural land.Farmers obtain property income by renting out land.“three rights separation” of farmland encourages and cultivates more New-type agricultural business entities have invested in agricultural production activities and obtained operating income and transfer income.Therefore,the “threeseparation of rights” of farmland can promote the increase of farmers' income from a theoretical perspective.(3)The Beishan area of Yuzhong County was selected as the research area,and the DID model was introduced to empirically verify the income-increasing mechanism and measure the income-increasing effect of the “three rights separation”of farmland,and analyze the factors affecting farmer's income.It can be concluded that:(1)The “three rights separation” of farmland has indeed achieved the policy performance of increasing farmers' income.The estimated value of DID for the family per capita income is 1,497 yuan,which significantly promotes the family per capita income at a 1% confidence level,and its net effect value is 8.790> 0.(2)The net effect of the “three rights separation” of farmland on per capita property income,per capita transfer income,per capita labor income,per capita agricultural operating income,and per capita farming income increase are greater than 0,which has the strongest income-increasing effect on per capita property income and per capita transfer income,followed by the income-increasing effect on labor income per capita,the income-increasing effect on agricultural income per capita is weak,and the weakest is per capita farming income.(3)In poor mountainous areas with scarce resource endowments and poor environmental conditions,the system of “three rights separation” of farmland has been remarkably reflected in increasing farmers' incomes overall,but the policy performance in agriculture has not been highlighted in the short term.