Multidimensional Poverty Measurement Of Floating Population And Its Influencing Factors From The Perspective Of Sustainable Livelihood

After the reform and opening up,China has formed a large-scale floating population.In 2017,the national floating population reached 244 million.It is estimated that by 2020,China’s floating population will be no less than 200 million.After a large number of floating populations flow into cities,they have become one of the main sources of urban poverty due to reasons such as institutions,families and individuals.They pose severe challenges to the comprehensive realization of a well-off society in China.This issue has also attracted widespread attention from the government and academia.As a special group in China’s economic and social development,the floating population is plagued by the lack of official statistics.There is no recognized and accurate population of the floating population,but the objective existence of the poverty of the floating population is the consensus of the academic community.In the past,the research cases on the poverty situation were mostly in the first-tier cities such as the Beijing,Guangzhou,and Shenzhen,or the regional central cities in the central and western regions,and the traditional research focused on the poverty identification method of single income indicators.It is difficult to comprehensively describe its characteristics and the more complicated poverty situation.As an important capital city in the southeastern coastal area,Fuzhou City has a population of 1,227,400 in 2016,but research on its poverty situation is rarely reported.In view of this,this paper takes Fuzhou City as an example,combining multidimensional poverty theory,sustainable livelihood theory,social exclusion theory,etc,firstly qualitatively analyzes the current situation of multi-dimensional livelihood capital of floating population;secondly,constructs a multi-dimensional poverty index system of floating population,and identifies it from the perspective of multidimensional poverty.The poverty situation of the floating population was quantitatively measured by the AF multidimensional poverty measure method through questionnaire survey.Based on this,combined with the historical reasons and realistic background,the binary logistic regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of multidimensional poverty from macro institutional policies and micro-family individuals.The results show:(1)The livelihood of the floating population presents the characteristics of multidimensional vulnerability,which is characterized by weak material capital,insufficient human capital,relatively scarce social capital,financial capital illusion,and psychological capital impoverishment.(2)The multi-dimensional poverty situation of the floating population is widespread,and the extreme multidimensional poverty situation is severe.First,from the incidence of single-dimensional poverty,the incidence of poverty in all dimensions is generally high,indicating that traditional single-dimensional poverty identification based on income or consumption has certain limitations,and poverty can be fully reflected through the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty.Secondly,from the perspective of the incidence of multidimensional poverty,multidimensional poverty is widespread,and extreme multidimensional poverty also exists objectively.Finally,by looking at the decomposition of the multidimensional poverty index,in terms of secondary indicators,in the middle and low dimensions,government assistance,frequency of neighborhood interactions,and housing area have always maintained a high contribution rate for multidimensional poverty,indicating that the poverty situation in these three aspects is more serious.This is the shortterm content of multi-dimensional poverty,which may also be the key to solving multidimensional poverty;the income,the degree of internal harmony and the contribution rate of self-efficacy are low,indicating that these three are not determining the main factors of multi-dimensional poverty of the floating population;the decomposition of the subdimension index of the subsistence capital shows that the contribution rate of social capital ranks first,and the financial capital is the last,indicating that the deprivation of social capital is the most serious,and the contribution of financial capital in a lowest rate.Urban anti-poverty should focus on the improvement of social capital.On this basis,the paper puts forward some policy recommendations such as building a multi-dimensional poverty monitoring and early warning mechanism.(3)Both the macro policy system and the micro-family personal factors have different degrees of impact on the floating population.Through the results of binary logistic regression analysis,it was found that there was a significant correlation between institutional policies and family individual variables and multidimensional poverty incidence.First of all,macro-institutional policies have a significant impact on multidimensional poverty.The type of household registration,the nature of household registration,and the presence or absence of medical insurance in the inflowing area have statistically significant effects on multidimensional poverty.Second,the personal factors of the respondents’ families have had a significant impact on their multidimensional poverty.The gender,age,age square,marriage,political appearance,and the number of school members in the family have statistically significant effects on multidimensional poverty.In summary,the phenomenon of multi-dimensional poverty of the floating population is widespread,and macro-institutional policies and micro-family personal factors affect their multi-dimensional poverty levels to varying degrees.This study enriches the empirical case of multi-dimensional poverty of the floating population,broadens the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty index construction,and can provide useful reference for the floating population urban anti-poverty policy.