| Inbound tourism is one of the three major markets of the tourism industry.It plays a very important role in promoting economic development,increasing employment rates,reducing the gap between the rich and the poor,optimizing the industrial structure,balancing the international balance of payments,and spreading Chinese culture,and its development status is an important indicator of the development level and maturity of the national or regional tourism industry.Hainan is China's largest special economic zone and the only tropical island province.Tropical coastal tourism resources are very rich,and tourism has become an important driving force for Hainan's economic development.In the new period,Hainan has been given strategic positioning as an international tourist island,a global tourism demonstration province,an international tourism consumption center,and a trade pilot free trade zone.It has a unique policy advantage in developing inbound tourism and has the opportunity to become a window for China to connect with Southeast Asia.However,the scale of inbound tourism is currently small.Since 2010,the number of inbound tourists has accounted for less than 1% of the country's total,ranking 21 to 25 in the country.Problems such as chaotic business order,low quality of employees,and weak regional cooperation consciousness seriously restrict the sustainable and healthy development of inbound tourism in Hainan Province.Therefore,it is particularly important to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of Hainan Province's inbound tourism development and explore its influencing factors to provide a reference for segmenting the source market and optimizing the allocation of tourism resources in the province.This paper takes Hainan Province as the research object,and collects and sorts out relevant tourist arrivals,income,and source markets of Hainan Province and its 18 cities and counties through multiple channels such as China and Hainan tourism statistics over the years(2010-2018).Based on this,analyzing the spatial and temporal pattern of inbound tourism and the influencing factors of its evolution by using the methods of inter-annual change index,tourism monthly average index,geographic concentration index,pro-view degree,competition model,first degree,relative development rate,center of gravity model,geographic detector,etc.Based on this,it puts forward the optimization countermeasures forthe development of inbound tourism in Hainan.The main conclusions of this article are as follows:(1)Temporal and spatial characteristics of Hainan's inbound tourist market: Hainan's inbound tourist market is dominated by foreign markets.The number of inbound tourists in Hong Kong and Macao markets has changed slightly,and the number of inbound tourists in Taiwan and foreign markets has changed significantly.Hainan Province's inbound and outbound tourism seasons have significant differences,with shorter peak seasons(November,December)and longer off seasons(February,May,June,July,September).March is the tourist season in Southeast Asia,and April is the tourist season in European and American market.July and August is the tourist season in Hong Kong and Macau.Russia,Taiwan,and South Korea are all pro-view markets,with high market share and growth rate,and stable inbound tourism development,they are the key source markets;Hong Kong,Macao,Singapore,Malaysia,and the United States are all pro-view markets except Hong Kong and Macau.And the market share is high,but the growth rate is slow,they are the main source market;Indonesia,Thailand,and Australia have developed from weak pro-view markets to strong pro-view markets.Their market share is not high,but the growth rate has increased significantly.They are potential source market;Japan,the United Kingdom,France,Germany,and Canada have low market share and growth rates,and they are opportunity source markets.(2)Temporal and spatial characteristics of Hainan's inbound tourist destinations: The number of inbound tourists and its foreign exchange income in Hainan have changed in a synchronized manner,showing a "rising-falling-rising" trend.Inbound tourism development is unstable,it is extremely susceptible to various emergencies such as economic crisis,natural disasters,and social public safety.The number of inbound tourism of five tourist areas of Hainan province in the characteristics as high in the north and south,low in the east,middle,and west,and the internal development is relatively unbalanced.The internal differences are middle > south> north> west> east.Hainan inbound tourism in moderate first distribution,with significant spatial scale and obvious "dual-core clustering".The southern tourism area centered on Sanya and the northern tourism area centered on Haikou have developed well.The dual-core clustering advantage is extremely significant.The gap of inbound tourismbetween cities and counties has narrowed.The overall center of gravity of inbound tourist flow and the center of abundance of resources show a roundabout moving trend from low latitude to high latitude.The center of gravity of inbound tourist flows is northwest and northeast,and the center of gravity of resource abundance is southwest and northeast.There is a certain spatial dislocation,which reflects the influence of factors such as popularity,traffic,and economic development level on the formation of inbound tourism.(3)Influencing factors: the level of economic development,traffic accessibility,tourism reception capacity,and tourism service level,emergencies are the main influencing factors of inbound tourism in Hainan Province.Among them,traffic accessibility is the most important factor affecting Hainan's inbound tourism development.The level of economic development,the amount of foreign capital actually used,the degree of opening up to the outside world,and the capacity of tourism reception are the common influence factors of Japanese and Korean markets.The level of economic development,tourism reception capacity,tourism service level and price level are the common influence factors of the Southeast Asian market.The accessibility of transportation,the degree of opening up to the outside world,the endowment of tourism resources,and the capacity of tourism reception are the common influence factors of European and American markets.Tourism reception capacity and tourism service level are the common influence factors of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan markets. |
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