| Fairness has always been one of the core connotations of public transportation,and many countries have written it into law.Under the background of rapid urbanization in China,the imbalance of urban transportation resources allocation is prominent,and the fairness of public transportation is getting more and more attention from government departments and academia.As a special public product facing the public,public transportation has its special equity connotation.Meanwhile,public transportation also belongs to the social public service system,and the rationality and fairness of its infrastructure spatial distribution are particularly important.In order to adapt to the development of The Times,the research on the fairness of public transportation should also be combined with specific urban issues.Traffic congestion is one of the "urban diseases" brought by rapid urbanization,which will cause traffic delays and affect the efficiency of transportation.One of the purposes of developing public transportation is to alleviate urban traffic congestion.However,with such a developed public transportation system,traffic congestion still happens frequently in large and medium-sized cities,indicating that there is still an obvious contradiction between the supply and demand of transportation resources.How will the fairness of public transportation change under the background of traffic congestion,and to what extent? Therefore,this study starts from the perspective of traffic congestion,constructs the comprehensive public transport service supply index under the influence of traffic congestion,evaluates the supply and service level of public transport resources,and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and fairness of public transport resources from the perspective of supply and demand.This study takes the main urban area of wuhan city as an example research area,and the research unit is selected as a 1km grid,and the ground transportation system in the urban public transportation system--public transportation--is selected as the research object.In the part of index construction,the basic indicators to measure the level of public transport service supply and the degree of traffic congestion are firstly sorted out.On this basis,the comprehensive public transport supply and service index is proposed in combination with foreign research results.This index is used to evaluate the level of bus supply service of each unit.In fairness analysis section,the first to use lorenz curve and gini coefficient to analyze the fairness of public transport resource allocation in the total permanent population,and then through the correlation analysis and the analysis of location entropy evaluation of the fairness of the spatial distribution of the resources per capita,using WeChat thermodynamic data to explore the dynamic changes of urban population and the population situation of supply and demand in the travel peak and trough of the spatial distribution characteristics and its fairness,the evaluation result is traffic and does not consider conventional in comparison,quantitative analysis of the influence of traffic jams to public transport services.Through these analyses,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)the comprehensive bus supply service level in the main urban area of wuhan is characterized by strong center and weak edge along the road loop in space,that is,the total amount of public transport resources in the central urban area is large and the density is high;The main urban fringe resident population is small,the amount of public transport resources is relatively scarce.Separated by the Yangtze river,the comprehensive public transport service level in the north of the Yangtze river is higher than that in the south of the Yangtze river.Although the downtown business district,entertainment district and office district are densely populated and have a high degree of traffic congestion,they have improved public transport facilities and large amount of resources,so their overall level is higher than that of the industrial areas,mixed industrial and commercial areas and scenic areas outside the main urban area.(2)the gini coefficient of the comprehensive bus supply service resources in themain urban area of wuhan in the total population is 0.324,indicating that the distribution of the total resources in the total permanent population is unfair to some extent.According to the analysis of location entropy,the distribution of per capita public transport resources in space is also uneven.More public transport resources are concentrated in fewer grid cells.The overall location entropy level in the region north of the Yangtze river is higher than that in the region south of the Yangtze river.The regional entropy of hot spots within the second ring is higher than that outside the second ring.The location entropy of business district and station is high.Location entropy in schools is generally low.From the perspective of the relationship between supply and demand: in the travel trough,the overall level of supply and demand in the main urban area is relatively balanced,only a small number of areas near the optical valley square at22:00 at night supply is lower than the demand,the area within the second ring road is significantly higher than the area around the third ring road,from the center to the periphery shows a decreasing trend.At the peak of travel,the area south of the Yangtze river has a large area of short supply,which is distributed along and around the light valley square--street entrance--south central road,while the supply level in the north of the Yangtze river is generally higher than the demand.Several universities in hongshan district,such as wuhan university,central China normal university,wuhan university of science and technology,huazhong university of science and technology and university of geosciences,are obviously short of bus resources during the peak travel period.Due to the perfect transportation infrastructure of the three stations in wuhan,the relationship between supply and demand is also reasonable.(3)this study to use public transport integrated supply services index and not considering the effects of traffic congestion index comparison,get the gini coefficientwas 0.324 and 0.282,respectively,is under the influence of traffic congestion,public transportation equity will be lower,the lorenz curve is the area of the part is congestion negative impact of math performance.Traffic congestion affects the efficiency and service capacity of public transport and aggravates the unfairness.On the basis of the existing studies on public transport equity,this study combines the specific problem of urban traffic--traffic congestion,quantifies the impact of traffic congestion,and integrates it into the existing evaluation system of public transport supply and service resource level.Some innovations have been made in the improvement of evaluation indexes.In terms of equity evaluation,gini coefficient and lorentz curve are adopted to analyze the equity of public transport supply resources in the overall population distribution,which belongs to the research category of horizontal equity.The regional entropy is used to further analyze the difference and equity of per capita resource space,which belongs to the vertical equity category.Big data(WeChat population thermodynamic data)was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and fairness of the dynamic change of urban population and the situation of supply and demand in the peak and peak travel periods.Meanwhile,the negative impact of traffic congestion on equity is quantified through comparative analysis.The policy significance of this study is mainly to show the distribution rules of public transport resources in the total population,space and supply and demand in the main urban area of wuhan under the influence of traffic congestion,which is of certain significance to the planning and construction of urban public transport and the realization of public transport equity.At the same time,it also calls on urban transportation departments to pay more attention to the causes and effects of traffic congestion,take effective mitigation measures,and improve the fairness of public transportation and social equity. |
