Formation Mechanism And Evolution Simulation Of Bid Rigging In Construction Projects

Bid rigging is known as an illegal behavior,harm the development of construction market.The formation mechanism of bid rigging is complex,it has the characteristics of illegality,and concealment.Many provinces in China have carried out special treatment activities to mitigate bid rigging,however the effect of these treatment activities is poor.The aims of this study are to reveal the formation mechanism of bid rigging,and simulate the evolutionary of bid rigging in different situations.Firstly,theoretical analysis framework is proposed based on the theory of bidding decision,behavior theory and evolutionary simulation theory.Then,bid rigging influencing factors are identified from three dimensions: the personal characteristics of the bidders,the intensity of the market competition and the perception of the bidders.Based on the identified influencing factors,research hypothesizes are proposed and the mechanism model of bid rigging is constructed.Questionnaire is designed based on literature review,and experts are invited to revise the questionnaire.Based on the data collected,the formation mechanism of tenderer’s bid rigging willingness was revealed.Finally,this study simulated the change of tenderer’s bid rigging intention in different situations.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The bidder’s perception of bid rigging.The bidder’s conceptual toward bid rigging indicates that the bidder thinks that the bid rigging can bring competitive advantage.The subjective norm of the bidder towards bid rigging shows that the bidder aware the improperness of the bid rigging,yet has a strong sense of approval and support for the bid rigging.The behavior control toward bid rigging of the bidder indicates that the bidder feels that the bid rigging is operable.(2)the formation mechanism of the tenderer’s bid rigging willingness.Under general circumstances,the level of education and perceived difficulty of bid rigging significantly inhibited the formation of the bid rigging willingness,while the perception of social norms and conceptual to bid rigging significantly promoted the formation of the tender’s bid rigging willingness.In the weak competition situation,the perception of perceived difficulty of tenderers significantly inhibited the formation of bid-rigging intention,while the perception of social norms and attitudes significantly promoted the formation of bid-rigging intention.In the strong competitive situation,the risk preference and social norm perception of the tender significantly promote the formation of the bid-rigging willingness.The intensity of the market competition magnifies the influence of bid rigging perception on the intention of bid rigging.(3)Simulation of the evolution of bid intention.The perceptual intervention intensity and the perimeter perception have a U-curve relationship,and the bidder’s bid rigging willingness decreases fastest when tenders’ bid rigging perceptions adjusted at the same time.Therefore,the research proposes that bid rigging fighting policy can be formulated from four aspects: “enhance the perceived risks of bid rigging,correct the conceptual of bid rigging,reshape the social norm of bid rigging,and optimize the intensity of bid rigging intervention”.The research reveals the formation mechanism of the willingness to bid rigging and simulates the evolution of the bid rigging willingness in dynamic situations.The conclusions of the study help to deepen the understanding of bid rigging in construction competition market,and provide the government with reasonable control measures to guide the bidders bid legally.