| Aquatic product processing industry is an important part of the food industry and a bridge for the development of fishery economy.Since China’s entry into WTO,the processing trade of aquatic products in China has been developing rapidly.In recent years,although China’s aquatic products processing trade has a high share in the international market and a large export volume,there are still some restrictive problems such as backward production technology and low competitive advantage of products.In theory,the participation of developing countries’ enterprises in export markets can fully draw on and learn from the management experience and production technology of developed countries in order to improve the productivity of their own enterprises.This is also the "export learning effect" confirmed by many scholars.However,through empirical analysis,some Chinese scholars have come to the conclusion that a large number of factors such as processing trade and low capital-labor ratio of enterprises have led to the "productivity paradox" in China’s manufacturing industry,that is,the productivity of export enterprises is lower than that of non-export enterprises,and the productivity of enterprises has not increased with the expansion of export scale.However,there is no consensus on this conclusion.Data samples from different industries and different research methods may have different conclusions.Based on the new trade theory and the realistic background of Chinese manufacturing enterprises,this paper takes the aquatic product processing industry with "typical paradox characteristics" as the research object,and through sorting out the statistics of industrial enterprises from 2005 to 2010,makes an empirical analysis on the impact of export behavior of Chinese aquatic product processing enterprises on total factor productivity("export learning effect").Firstly,this paper calculates the total factor productivity of aquatic products processing enterprises,and then makes a comparative analysis based on the distribution of nuclear density and the individual characteristics of enterprises.Next,after verifying the phenomenon of "prod uctivity paradox",this paper makes a static analysis of the "export learning effect" of aquatic products industry from the perspective of export choice by using the propensity score matching method(PSM).Finally,by using the generalized propensity score matching(GPS)method,the dynamic effect of export learning in aquatic products processing industry is analyzed and the lag test is carried out,taking the export intensity and export volume as the measurement indicators of the degree of export participation.The results show that:(1)the labor contribution rate of China’s aquatic products processing industry is greater than the capital contribution rate,and the development of the industry mainly depends on labor input;from the nuclear density distribution,the TFP of China’s aquatic products processing enterprises showed a single peak and slightly skewed distribution situation between 2005 and 2010,with the peak gradually changing from sharp to wide peak,and the development tended to be balanced in the aspect of enterprise heterogeneity;The total factor productivity of state-owned enterprises is lower than that of non-state-owned enterprises.The average value of total factor productivity of foreign-funded enterprises is higher than that of domestic enterprises.The level of total factor productivity of enterprises in the eastern region is the highest,followed by enterprises in the western region,which has better development potential,and the level of total factor productivity of enterprises in the central region is the lowest.(2)After testing and development,the average productivity of Chinese aquatic products processing export enterprises is higher than that of domestic enterprises.There is no "productivity paradox" in Chinese aquatic products processing enterprises.(3)According to PSM,the export of aquatic products processing enterprises can effectively promote the improvement of total factor productivity,and there is an "export learning effect".(4)The "export learning effect" of Chinese aquatic products processing enterprises is heterogeneous.Specifically,in sub-industries,aquatic products processing enterprises participate in export,mainly increasing the innovation probability of surimi products and aquatic products dry-curing processing industry and aquatic products freezing processing industry enterprises,and export has a more significant role in improving the total factor productivity of aquatic products freezing processing enterprises;in terms of regional differences,through the tre nd score matching,aquatic products in the central region The average processing effect coefficient of processing enterprises is the highest,followed by enterprises in the eastern region,and finally in the western region,which shows the convergence of e nterprise learning ability.In the aspect of enterprise ownership,enterprise export can significantly improve the total factor productivity of state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises,but its impact on state-owned enterprises is more significant.In terms of the economic nature of enterprises,export can significantly enhance the total factor productivity of domestic enterprises,but it does not play an obvious role in innovation incentives for foreign enterprises.(5)Total factor productivity(TFP)of aquatic products processing enterprises entering the international market has been improved.With the deepening of export,TFP gradually decreases;the relationship between export scale and TFP of aquatic products processing enterprises is approximately flat,with a peak value;and the "export learning effect" has a lag,and in the long run,it will gradually weaken with the passage of time.Accordingly,three policy proposals are put forward: first,through the system reform and the talent flow measures,enterprises are always encouraged to learn and learn from advanced technology level and management experience;second,make full use of the strategy of "one belt and one road" to promote the outward oriented development of aquatic products processing industry in the western region;third,establish and improve the industry management mechanism,such as optimizing state-owned enterprises.The management and management mode of enterprises,the improvement of the foreign trade protection system,while promoting the "going out" of local aquatic products processing enterprises,stimulate enterprises to continue learning,innovation and other long-term activities with increasing returns to scale. |
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