| Since the beginning of the 21st century,China has gradually entered a serious aging society,and the problem of old-age care has become increasingly serious.As a hot spot for people’s livelihood,the pension industry has become the key development target of the national "13th Five-Year Plan".Thus,the government has issued a number of policy documents related to pensions,while attaching great importance to the development and operation of pension real estate as an important measure to solve the problem of population aging.The pension real estate is not simply providing the "real estate" of the residential area for the elderly,but the elderly as the target customer group,the design of the building,supporting facilities,and the follow-up real estate projects related to the one-stop service.Pension real estate is not only to provide a comfortable living environment for the elderly,but its main core is the targeted design ideas and methods suitable for the elderly to live and use.The main feature is to provide family affairs for the elderly in need.,diet,leisure,entertainment,social,physical therapy,medical,health management andother services.In addition,related facilities and equipment will be added to create a professional nursing and management team.It can be seen that the pension real estate project is of great significance for improving the health and happiness index of the elderly in China and solving the problem of aging in China.However,China’s pension real estate is still in the early stage of exploration,with high investment costs,long operating cycle and low return on investment.In order to achieve the orderly development of pension real estate,the government needs preferential policies in terms of capital,land,and taxation.The PPP model combines the advantages of government and social capital,promotes the sharing of benefits and risk sharing between the two parties,thus effectively solving the problems of capital,land,management and technology when China supplies public goods and services.Under the background of deepening the supply-side structural reform,applying the PPP model to the pension real estate project can effectively improve the difficulty of financing the pension real estate and lead to its slow development.The government’s good reputation and preferential policies are supplemented by the advanced concepts and management teams of social capital,fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses,mutual benefit and win-win results,maximizing social interests and promoting the sustainable development of China’s pension real estate.However,not all types of pension real estate projects are suitable for PPP.Therefore,this paper analyzes the applicability of PPP in different types of pension real estate projects through reading a large number of documents,searching for data,and subdividing the types of pension real estate.This paper also analyzes the actual cases,explores the methods and advantages of adopting PPP in suitable pension real estate projects,and puts forward reasonable suggestions for the application of PPP in China’s pension real estate projects in the future.Possible innovations in this article:(1)Based on the comparison of the characteristics of pure public goods,quasi-public products and private products,this paper innovatively divides the pension real estate projects from the perspective of supply and demand,and divides them into low-end properties with pure public products,mid-range pension real estate with quasi-public goods nature,and high-end pension real estate with private product nature.In addition,this paper also compares and analyzes the product attributes,characteristics,objects,investment subjects,subsidies,taxes and other aspects of various types of pension real estate,so as to distinguish and judge the applicability of PPP in different types of pension real estate projects.Among them,the mid-range pension real estate project is most suitable to adopt the PPP mode,and a few low-end pension real estate projects are more suitable to adopt the PPP mode.The high-end pension real estate project is not suitable for adopting the PPP.(2)This paper summarizes that the pension real estate project suitable for adopting PPP needs to have clear attributes,long-term value,value for money,partners,risk sharing,and benefit sharing.In order to determine what type of pension project is suitable to use the PPP to lay the foundation. |
