Practical Research On The Cultivation Of Physics Inductive Reasoning Ability Of High School Students

In physics,many physical concepts are formed and physical laws are established through inductive reasoning.Inductive reasoning is a reasoning process and thinking form that summarizes general knowledge from individual knowledge.Inductive reasoning,as an essential part of scientific thinking,is an important way of thinking in the process of high school physics learning.At the same time,the high school period is also an important period for the development of students' inductive reasoning ability.Therefore,the cultivation of inductive reasoning ability in the physics teaching of senior one can effectively improve the students' scientific literacy.On the basis of previous studies,this paper defines the connotation and classification of inductive reasoning.Then,140 senior students in a senior middle school in Shanghai were selected as the main research objects.Questionnaires and measurement papers were used to understand the current status of inductive reasoning of senior high school students from the aspects of inductive reasoning,behavior,habits and ability values.The survey shows that:(1)Most students in senior one have the ability of inductive reasoning in the primary stage,but they don't pay much attention to the training of inductive reasoning;(2)The process from inductive reasoning to conclusion is not clear for some students;(3)Due to the lack of rich representation,some students find it difficult to give common examples in life;(4)Some students cannot infer experimental conclusions based on experimental data.Aiming at the current problems of inductive reasoning ability of high school freshmen,the following corresponding teaching strategies are proposed:(1)Using direct experience and indirect experience to mine inductive reasoning materials;(2)Based on existing cognitive level,timely show the process of inductive reasoning;(3)Create inductive reasoning situations and train inductive reasoning ability repeatedly.Combining these strategies with reference to the teaching mode of "One method multiple knowledge ",four step-by-step teaching stages to cultivate the inductive reasoning ability of freshman students are proposed,namely,the "perception stageexplicit stage-application stage-deepening stage",And designed 12 specific teaching cases for the inductive reasoning ability of "covariation","seeking common ground " and " seeking difference ".Finally,a total of 12 teaching experiments were conducted for 8 weeks under the condition that the experimental class and the control class were homogeneous.The post-test results of the experimental class and the control class show that:(1)The level of inductive reasoning ability of the experimental class has improved,and students can actively collect inductive reasoning materials related to physical knowledge;(2)The process of inductive reasoning for students in the experimental class is more clear and clear,and they can draw general conclusions through common inductive reasoning between phenomena;(3)Students in the experimental class are more proactive in thinking and develop their habits in the process of inductive inference.