The Influence Of Transformational Leadership On The Reshaping Of Teachers' Work

In recent years,with the continuous change of organizations,the flexibility of work has become higher and higher,and the traditional work design has been unable to meet the requirements of fast update work.The teaching role is more three-dimensional and the teaching tasks are more diversified for teachers when facing the requirements of the new era education system.Therefor the ability to work actively,which means holding and changing work spontaneity,has been paid more and more attention.Job crafting,as a bottom-up initiative for employees to seek job demands-resource balance,has attracted wide attention because of its spontaneity and enthusiasm.Employees’ job crafting behavior can improve employees’ work well-being and work commitment.When employee’s job crafting behavior is consistent with team goals,it can improve organizational performance and promote organizational development.Therefore,it is especially important to explore the impact mechanism of job crafting.Based on the Leader-member Exchange Theory and the Job Demands-Resource Theory,this study considers transformational leadership as an external working resource and psychological empowerment as a motivation.From the perspective of the dynamic exchange of leadership members,this paper discusses the mechanism of transformational leadership on employee job crafting behavior through leader-member exchange and psychological empowerment at the individual level.The influence of collectivism as an individual cultural orientation on this mechanism is discussed.And the cross-level effect of influence between leader member exchange different and Job crafting behavior is preliminarily explored at the team level.The relative data were collected through using the transformational leadership scale,job crafting scale,leader-member exchange scale,psychological empowerment scale and collectivism scale.A total of 778 primary and secondary school teachers from 69 research groups from 19 schools in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Shandong provinces were investigated through online and offline questionnaires.Data were analyzed by t-test,analysis of variance,correlation analysis,structural equation model test,Bootstrap mediation effect test,multi-layer regression analysis and cross-level mediation effect analysis using statistical software SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.0,and finally got the following results:1.The transformational leadership is significantly positively correlated with the job crafting of primary and secondary school teachers;which means,leaders of school can adopt a transformational leadership style to promote teachers to take the job crafting initiatively in daily teaching management;2.Leade r-member exchange is significantly positively correlated with transformational leadership,and were significantly positively correlated with job crafting.Leader-member Exchange plays a partial mediating role between transformational leadership and job crafting;that is to say,transformational leadership can promote teachers crafting behavior by establishing a high level of exchange relationship with them;3.There is a significant positive correlation between psychological empowerment and transformational leadership,which is significantly positively correlated with job crafting.Psychological empowerment plays a complete mediating role between transformational leadership and job crafting;that is,transformational leadership enables teachers to be empowered,improve their initiative and autonomy,and facilitate their crafting behavior;4.Leader-member exchange and psychological empowerment play a full chain intermediary role between transformational leadership and primary and secondary school teachers’ work shaping;that is,transformational leadership establishing a high level of exchange relationship and enhances the sense of empowerment of teachers,resulting in a reinvention of the initiative to change the characteristics of work to make work and self-preference;5.Collectivism significantly negatively moderates the relationship between leader-member exchange and psychological empowerment.Specifically,compared with teachers with high level of collectivism,the exchange of leadership members has a greater impact on the psychological empowerment of teachers with low level of collectivism;6.At the team level,the exchange of differentiated leadership members has a negative cross-layer effect on teachers’ individual job crafting behavior,that is,the higher the exchange of leadership members in the team,the less the teachers’ job crafting behavior;7.The intermediary role of psychological empowerment in the exchange of differentiated leadership members and employee work shaping is not significant,which means that the exchange of differentiated leadership members does not affect the job crafting of employees through psychological empowerment.In summary,this study considers the impact of transformational leadership on the job shaping of primary and secondary school teachers in China from both the individual and the team level.At the individual level,the research explores the influence mechanism of transformational leadership on the job crafting behavior.At the team level,it explores the cross-layered role of the exchange between differentiated leadership and members in the crafting of individual work,and provides constructive suggestions for the management of primary and secondary school teachers.