Research On Winter School Education In Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region

The release of the National Rural Revitalization Strategy make people not only reflect reality and future,but remember the past events.Since modern times,China's vast rural areas,which have been hit by the commodity economy,have suffered from the disintegration of natural economic and the decline of traditional culture,resulting in chaotic,disorderly,ignorant and confused scenes.The rural areas dominated by the government covered a high illiteracy rate as 95%or so in the early period,which was extremely unfavorable for building and consolidating revolutionary base areas,propagating revolutionary culture and against Japan to save the nation.Faced with such situation,The Communist Party of China and the border government have consciously shoulder the heavy responsibility of reviving the countryside and liberating the hard-working masses.They conducted sweeping social education with various forms,among which,they established winter education as a school system.It takes advantage of the tradition of rural tutoring education in the northwestern region with winter education or winter study.Winter school eases the contradiction between production and learning efficiently,thus becoming a major way of social education.Practice has proven that it is a powerful tool for eliminating illiteracy and is an effective way to popularize education.By cultivating people's literacy and liberating the public's mind,it alleviates social and class contradictions and protects the vital interests of the masses,eventually it won the trust and support of them,which motivated them contribute manpower and material resources to Anti-Japanese War and Liberation War.A single spark of the revolutionary culture eventually started a prairie fire.The main social contradiction in the new era is the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and the development with inadequacy and imbalance.The purpose of the rural revitalization strategy is to resolve it.During the period of Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region,the revolutionary martyr recorded their educational experience,which left a precious wealth for revitalizing the countryside and cultivating new professional farmers.The past time should be memorized by people.Not only do we cherish the hard work of the revolutionary martyrs,but also rethink the rural revitalization and rural construction in the new era.Firstly,it uses the literature method to sort out the research status of the theme,conducting depth research in topics,purpose,subject,content,emphasis,etc.The historical analysis method followed.According to relevant materials,on the macro lever,it reviewed the background and development stage of the winter education.In microcosm,it analysis the management and implementation process of it.In the end,it concludes social function,experience and significance of winter education.Practice has proved that the winter education has a vigorous vitality.From 1936 to 1950,winter education gained innumerable achievement.The gradually decreasing illiteracy rate and the increasingly enlightened concept have quietly shaped the rural landscape in the border area.More importantly,the revolutionary ideals and beliefs of the Communists have been practiced,new democratic education have also been implemented.Undoubtedly,only based on the willingness and needs of the masses,could rural education improve the people's political awareness and national consciousness effectively and consolidate the mass foundation for the construction and development of the border region.In the present,winter education is the preclusion of the "three-education co-ordination" and "a combination of agriculture,science and education".Its mode can provide a mirror for national education in rural revitalization,thus building a bridge between rural construction and rural education.The study is divided into seven chapters,systematically presenting the research process and conclusions of winter education in Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region.Chapter 1 is introduction.It discussed the reasons and significance of the topic,the research status in domestic and overseas field,the definition of related concepts,research ideas and methods,innovations and possible deficiencies.Chapter 2 is the historical background.It analyzed that winter education was effected by Civilian education thoughts,workers and peasants' remedial education,the combination of intellectuals and workers and peasants,wartime education policies,and the idea of transforming rural society with mass education.Chapter 3 is the evolutionary stages.Chronologically,it can be divided into four stages including initial period,developmental period,reforming stage,and new development.It describe the process of winter education in details,which adjusted constantly in terms of the changes of social situation and education itself.Chapter 4 is the organization and management.In the process,from the Education Department of the Border Region to the education administrative departments and organizations at all levels,all undertake their responsibilities.They did well in administrative management,system construction,and internal school operations with effective ways such as having meetings,reports,inspections.Chapter 5 is the implementation process.The details of running a school life could reflect the effectiveness of it.Winter education was held in the whole border area,the affairs were complicated and the tasks were urgent,but the specific work was implemented through the formulation of detailed plans.Chapter 6 is the social function,historical experience and practical significance.The winter education in the border area not only played an important role in literacy and universal education,but reshaped the landscape of rural society.Furthermore,it implemented the new democratic education.Meanwhile,it insisted the principle that education must adapt to the needs of social development and the masses.Therefore,it was welcomed by the masses of peasants.In the present,it has important reference significance for today's rural construction and peasant education.