Research On The Application Of Problem Schema In Solving Physical Problems Of Junior High School Students

Physics problem solving is an important part of Physics Teaching in middle schools.At present,there is a common phenomenon in the teaching of physics problems in middle schools.Solving a large number of exercises has become the main content of students' learning physics.As a result,students' learning burden is increasing,but the teaching effect is not good.Therefore,the research of problem-solving teaching has become a topic of great practical significance and theoretical value.On the basis of cognitive theory and information processing theory,this study puts forward the application of "problem schema" in junior high school physics problem solving.Meanwhile,it puts forward the teaching process of cultivating "problem schema" in junior high school physics.On this basis,several junior high school physics problems teaching cases using "problem schema" are designed and practiced.Firstly,through searching and researching the relevant literature,we get the conclusion that "problem schema affects the solution of the problem by the solver",and analyze and discuss the concepts of "schema","problem schema","problem solving","physical problem solving",and elaborate the influence of "problem schema" on the solution of physical problems.Then,combined with the relevant knowledge points of junior middle school physics and typical physical problems,the appropriate physical problems are selected,the test questions are designed,and the schema level of junior middle school students' physical problems is investigated in the early stage.The results show that: for a certain type of junior middle school physics problems,the schema level of students' physical problems is on the low side,and the problem solving situation is general;There are some problems in solving this kind of problem,that is,lack of strong methods in problem schema,and good mastery of basic knowledge and skills needed to solve this kind of problem;there are obvious differences in schema level of this kind of physical problem acquired by students at all levels,and the overall situation of schema level acquired by the top students is better than that of the poor students.And the middle school students' group was good.Finally,according to the literature and preliminary investigation,this paper puts forward the teaching process and specific teaching strategies of cultivating students' physics problem schema.According to the proposed teaching strategies,several typical junior middle school physics problems are selected and specific teaching cases are designed.In view of the actual teaching practice of the selected junior middle school problems in the preliminary investigation,specific teaching design arrangements are made and implemented in accordance with the actual situation of the students,in order to test whether the proposed teaching process and strategies for cultivating students' physical problem schema can effectively improve students' problem schema level and physical problem-solving ability.The result of practice shows that in the process of Physics Teaching in junior middle school,the teaching of problem schema of a certain kind of physics problem can effectively improve the problem schema of a certain kind of physics problem acquired by students,and then improve the students' problem-solving ability about this kind of physics problem;however,in all levels of physics study,the teaching effect of the problem schema of physics problem trained by students has a good effect.Differences,among them,the middle level of students' physical problem schema level and the ability to solve physical problems are more obvious.