Research On Nietzsche's Thoughts On Elite Education

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche is a poet philosopher who often uses poetic aphorisms to express his profound philosophical ideas in his works.He claimed to be a descendant of the Polish aristocracy,despising the value of civilian population,and advocated that he should pursue elitist line politically and culturally and promote elite education for minority groups.Nietzsche's elite educational thought has a profound background.Nietzsche was born in Germany in the mid to late 19 th century.At this time,Germany was in the "golden period" in history,and it gained political independence and unity.It established a constitutional monarchy and changed from an ancient feudal political system to a modern constitutional political system.The two industrial revolutions,from liberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism,promoted the modernization of capitalist economy;culturally romanticism became the mainstream style,and a large number of romantic musicians,writers and painters were born.The modernization of German political economy has driven the modernization of education,forcing education to train talents for politics and economy and to serve the national interests.The modernization of education in Germany is manifested in the democratization of education and the nationalization of education.It promotes the universal education movement,over utilitarianizes its educational goals and curriculum,and is guided by monetary interests,implying a crisis of modernity that alienates people.Nietzsche criticized the democratization and utilitarianization of German education at that time,expounded his elite educational thoughts,and hoped to save people from the dangers of educational modernization.The emergence of Nietzsche's elite educational thought has personal subjective factors.His father and grandfather were pastors and his ancestors were Polish aristocrats.The family life prompted Nietzsche to subordinate himself to the elite group.He studied in private primary schools,elite middle schools,and universities.The type of education he received was typical of elite education.His academic experience prompted Nietzsche to identify with elite education.The concept of artistic genius in Schopenhauer's philosophical thought inspired Nietzsche to produce elite educational thoughts,and the characters of Schopenhauer and Wagner also set an example of education for Nietzsche's elite educational thought.Nietzsche's elite educational thought change with the emergence of Nietzsche's philosophical thoughts,and have different connotations in different periods.The time node is time for Nietzsche to completely move toward the path of philosophy and generate philosophical thought.Nietzsche's elite educational thought can be divided into Nietzsche's elite educational thought in the period of pre-philosophy and Nietzsche's elite educational thought in the period of philosophy.In the Nietzsche's pre-philosophy period,Nietzsche believed that there were differences in intelligence between people,and there were also differences in cultural aesthetic tastes.Elite groups were often highly intellectual,with high-level cultural aesthetic tastes,while the mass group was the opposite.Therefore,Nietzsche believes that education should be oriented to elite groups with high intelligence and high cultural aesthetic taste,and implement elite education.The basic point of the elite education thought in the period of Nietzsche's philosophy is to cultivate artistic genius and let artistic genius create artistic works is the goal of elite education;the high-intelligence elites of artistic genius and non-art genius are the object of elite education;the way of thinking of philosophy,the feeling of art and classical humanistic qualities are the content of elite education;the authoritative instructors of students and the close friends in life are the teacher of elite education.Nietzsche's elite educational thought has a deep connection with his philosophical thought.The goal of elite education thought in the period of Nietzsche's pre-philosophy was more perfectly interpreted in his philosophical thought.The basic view of the elite educational thought in the period of Nietzsche's philosophy is that the strength of "power will" is the criterion for distinguishing elites from the public;"owner morality" is the external norm of elite education;"superman" is the inherent requirement of elite education;"art delivering life" has become the mission of elite education.Although Nietzsche's elite educational thought did not have a major impact on the German education community at that time,and did not produce the effect of vibrating and screaming.However,Nietzsche's elite educational thought reflects Nietzsche emphasis on the ontological function of education.It is hoped that through elite education,people will not be alienated by material,so that people will affirm the power of life and strive to be a strong person in life.It also embodies Nietzsche's educational conception of emphasizing teachers' academic guidance and devoting himself to improving the quality of school education.However,Nietzsche's elite educational thought also has a one-sided emphasis on the innate differences of people,strengthen the unfair education system,fully deny the value and status of vocational education in the education system,and regard art as the export of elite education,both romanticism and nihilism.Nietzsche's elite educational thoughts are left to the current educators to think about it.The current educators should pay attention to the value of language training,cultivate students' humanistic qualities,focus on human differences,establish a scientific education concept,coordinate academic education and vocational education,and establish a balanced education system.