Research On The Predicament Of Child Care Under The Background Of The "General Two New Deal"

Since January 1,2016,China has officially implemented the “Universal Two-child Policy” policy(hereinafter referred to as “Pu Er New Deal”),and the three national births,birth rate,and natural growth rate in 2017 are all better than those in 2016.The decline,the " Universal Two-child Policy " did not play the expected "blowout" effect.For the two-child birth boom that has appeared as scheduled,scholars and practitioners are actively investing in research,and ultimately attribute the reasons to “not dare to live” and “not to live”,all involving unattended and young children.The problem of high cost of care.Therefore,the author chooses the child-rearing family in Nanjing as the investigation object,takes the family child care as the theme,and through the test of empirical research,from the perspective of socio-school parent-child attachment theory and social role theory,under the background of “Universal Two-child Policy ” The current situation of the care of young children in Nanjing is based on the current situation,trying to explore the current difficulties in the way of child care in the family.On this basis,it discusses the deep-seated reasons behind the dilemma and conflict,and tries to propose corresponding from the national,social and family levels.Countermeasures,thus alleviating the dilemma of family care under the " Universal Two-child Policy " until the solution.Based on the urgent needs of the " Universal Two-child Policy " and the care of children,through the analysis of 433 questionnaires and interviews with 20 family members,the main types of child care are: newborn parents,independent care,children Parents and grandparents take care of each other.The ancestors take care of the children completely and hire babysitters for supplementary care.They also reflect the main characteristics of the current child care: the family burden of child care is heavy,the subjects of care are diversified,and the daily care providers are parents.Provided mainly with the ancestors,the mother is still the main provider,and the parental care is in a state of absence.At present,in the context of the “Universal Two-child Policy”,there are multiple preschool care dilemmas in the family: the high employment rate of women brings a low breastfeeding rate,which is not conducive to the growth of young children and the negative emotions of mothers who are mad at self-blame,and the work culture and The expectation of maternal expectation,the conflict between child-rearing pressure and mother's anxiety makes women fall into the dilemma of work stress and child care;in contrast to the mother's participation in care,the proportion of parental involvement in care is low,and the parental position has not yet completed the role.The transformation,coupled with the perspective of female family members and the way of meticulous parenting,blocked the “hearted” males from the threshold of child care,resulting in a lack of paternity and high participation threshold;in the face of intensive child care needs,most Chinese families have developed strategies to seek intergenerational support.Two generations are prone to conflicts in their behaviors of wearing,eating,playing,and working in child care.At the same time,their ancestors have buried their own old-age dangers by providing economic material support.The ancestors' mental and physical pressure brought about the withdrawal of their ancestors,which made the family fall into new Care dilemma.The author tries to analyze the causes of the predicament of child care.First of all,the social support system for child care in China is lagging behind,the time support system,the support system for women and family and work are all absent,and the infant care and breastfeeding are lack of public.Service support;Secondly,the cost of child care is increasing,the direct economic cost of child care is high,and the indirect costs such as labor cost and opportunity cost are increasing day by day,and the pressure of “young child support” is borne by the family.Third,with the development of social transformation,the family concept is gradually weakening,the individualization tendency is strengthening,and the family function is gradually weakening,which also makes the family child care in trouble.Finally,people's stereotypes of gender roles,parental roles and children's roles The transformation is not timely,especially the stereotype of the gender division of men and women makes the child care dilemma deepening.These factors work together to form the dilemma of the care of young children in China.In order to gradually solve the current predicament of child care,the author proposes the following countermeasures: First,the state develops a child care support system,flexible maternity leave and paternity leave system,share the care cost through the social welfare system,and improve the employment security of post-natal women.Secondly,establish and improve public services for child care,vigorously develop public services for child care,and improve public facilities related to breastfeeding;finally,families build a close atmosphere of child care,establish a scientific concept of child care,and strengthen children between generations.Care for communication,empowering men to participate in care.