| Auxiliary verbs are commonly used.Although the number of the auxiliary verbs is not large,they are used more frequently.The number of possible auxiliary verbs accounts for a large proportion in auxiliary verbs,and there are many categories of specific meanings.For example,they can represent dynamic modality Meaning of ability,Conditional possibility,Speculative possibility of epistemic modality.Some words can also mean worthy,permissive.However,there is no comprehensive,systematic and detailed description of the possible auxiliary verbs in the middle Chinese period.So it is very important to make a detailed description and analysis of the complex auxiliary verb system in the middle Chinese period.First is about the number and substitution of auxiliary verbs.The number of auxiliary verbs may has changed in the middle ages.In addition to continuing to follow the pre-qin words “ke”(可),“neng(能)”,“de(得)”,“zu(足)”,“ke(克)”,the auxiliary verb system has been added “rong(容)”,“ban(办)”,“ren(任)”,“zhong(中)”,“kan(堪)”,“hao(好)”.Second,in the 11 possible auxiliary verbs of middle and ancient Chinese.Except “hao(好)” and “zhong(中)”,each of these words can represent dynamic modality Meaning of ability and Conditional possibility.Some auxiliary verbs can express more than one modality.For example,“ban(办)”,“rong(容)”,“neng(能)”,“ke(克)” can represent dynamic modality Meaning of ability and Conditional possibility;“rong(容)”,“ke(可)”,“de(得)”,“zu(足)” can represent permission of deontic modality;“kan(堪)”,“ke(可)”,“zu(足)” can represent Worthy of righteousness;“neng(能)” can be used to express willingness.“ke(可)” and “neng(能)” are used most commonly of the possible auxiliary verbs.Third,we investigated the conjunctions of twenty-two possible auxiliary verbs of middle ancient type,which are mainly divided into five types.The first is that Dynamic modality subject refers to the combination of ability and meaning.The second is the use of auxiliary verbs of dynamic modality and neutral condition.The third is to guess the possible conjunction of auxiliary verbs in the cognition modality table.The fourth is to express the combination of dynamic modality and conditional auxiliary verbs.The fifth one is that it may be used with auxiliary verbs to express the possibility of the possibility of moral modality.The conjunction of auxiliary verbs is unstable,including the unstable ofthe word order and the instability of the process.Some words differ in word order with slight differences in meaning and usage.For example,“ke can(可堪)”expresses the meaning of capacity,while“kan ke(堪可)”can expresses the meaning of capacity as well as the meaning of conditional possibility.The instability of the process continues to the Dynasty of Yuan and Ming,except“zu ke(足可)”,“zu ke yi(足可以)”,“zu neng(足能)”,“rong ke(容可)”,“kan ke(堪可)”.The other possible conjunctions of auxiliary verbs were only used in the middle ancient times.This is related to the rhythm of the Chinese Buddhist scriptures,which is mainly composed of four character sentences.Fourth,auxiliary verbs like “rong”,“ren”,“ban” in the middle ages,and concluded that the auxiliary verbs “rong”,“ren”,“ban” mainly evolved through metonymy. |
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