Material-driven Cognitive Control Of Experience Under Automated Processing

Automatic processing is the normal part of life,and cognitive control is especially necessary when habitual experience conflicts with current material-driven automation.Since cognitive control is not responsible for specific information processing,it is only involved when cognitive conflict occurs.Therefore,it is a common paradigm to study cognitive control by constructing cognitive conflict scenarios.Accordingly,this study sets the consistency of tasks in the practice phase and the test phase,uses the Chinese character block cracking task as the experimental material,and analyzes the conflict effect of the test phase in the three experiments to explore the top-down formation formed in the practice phase Experience,the mechanism of influence on the bottom-up material-driven processing in the conscious or unconscious state of the test phase.In experiment 1,1,3 and 5 repeated exposures were used for experimental materials in the practice stage to simulate different strengths of automatic connections.In the test stage,under the consistent condition,the responses of the presented materials(e.g.,"?-?")and the practice stage(e.g.,"?-?")were the same.In the incongruent condition,the material presented(e.g.,"?-?")and the practice stage(e.g.,"?-?")had opposite responses.By examining whether there is a conflict effect in the testing stage,we explore the cognitive control with different degrees of automation connected above the threshold.Results show that repeated exposure operation in the practice phase can lead to different degrees of automated connection.When the amount of conflict effect is used as the dependent variable in the test phase,the amount of conflict effect repeated 5 times is significantly greater than the condition repeated 3 times and the condition repeated 1 time,which shows Participants spent more time in cognitive control under the condition of repeating 5 times,suggesting that the degree of repetition automation is higher,and it is more difficult to modify the cognitive circuit with a high default degree.And this is just conflict adaptation at the level of consciousness.And this is just conflict adaptation at the level of consciousness.Experiment 2 explores whether this conflict adaptation will occur under subliminal unconscious conditions.The experimental materials and procedures of Experiment 2 are similar to those of Experiment 1,except that the subliminal masking paradigm was used to present the target word materials in the testing phase of Experiment 2.It was also found that repeated exposure during practice led to different degrees of automated connection.However,when the conflict effect is used as the dependent variable in the testing phase,the main effect of repeated exposure conditions is not significant.This may be due to the separation of the effects of previous experience at the level of consciousness,or it may be because the processing depth of the stimulus is more conscious under unconscious conditions than conscious.In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and further explore the electrophysiological mechanism of cognitive control under automatic connection,experiment 3 used ERP technology to investigate the subliminal cognitive monitoring of automatic process.In this way,the electrical components of the brain associated with conflict will help to reveal the degree of conflict in stimuli or responses,as well as the dynamic changes in the brain's time course during the identification and resolution of the conflict.Because the effect of repeating 5 times in the practice phase of experiment 1 and experiment 2 is the most obvious,the practice stage of Experiment 3 only sets one condition for repeating 5 times,and three conditions are set in the test stage: consistency,inconsistency and baseline(the connection between target word and source word that does not appear in the practice stage).It was found that in the N2 component,the baseline condition caused the largest amplitude,followed by the inconsistent condition,and the smallest amplitude under the consistent condition.In terms of N400 components,the N400 effect induced by consistent conditions was the smallest,and there was no significant difference between inconsistent conditions and baseline conditions.The separation of consistent condition and non-consistent condition on N2 and N400 indicates that the automatic connection in the form of practice stage is still involved in the conflict processing at the subliminal unconscious level.Previous studies have focused on large-scale practice of a memory set for a particular type of learning,whereas a few repetitions in life are more common.Accordingly,this study forms a transient automatic connection by repeating a small number of times,and then examines the influence mechanism of this top-down empirical connection on bottom-up material-driven cognitive control at different levels of consciousness.At the behavioral level,the study only observed the conflicting effect between experience automation and material-driven automation under conscious conditions,which indicates that the role of previous experience is regulated by the level of consciousness,although conflict effects are observed in both conscious and unconscious conditions.The effects under conditions are smaller than those under conscious conditions,but it is still possible to observe the universal existence of cognitive control in the bottom-up material-driven processing.