Research On The History Of Enlightenment Thought In "Dialectics Of Enlightenment"

Enlightenment is a difficult problem that can not be solved without getting rid of it.Horkheimer and Adorno have opened up a new research direction on the question of enlightenment." Dialectics of Enlightenment: The Broken Film of Philosophy " studies enlightenment from the perspective of dialectics.Horkheimer and Adorno abandoned the tradition of enlightenment,but traced the origin of enlightenment to the ancient mythological period,arguing that enlightenment originated from myth.The Enlightenment Dialectics introduces the development of enlightenment in chronological order,and holds that the history of enlightenment is essentially the history of the change of enlightenment rationality.In response to the change of enlightenment rationality,Horkheimer and Adorno analyzed and criticized it based on the reality of capitalist society: the original goal of enlightenment should have been to get rid of fear and establish autonomy,but enlightenment.Reason has finally gone to its opposite,but the world of complete enlightenment is shrouded in a disaster caused by victory.Based on this,Horkheimer and Adorno express their unique views on enlightenment in the face of the development of enlightenment,and form their unique enlightenment ideas.According to the Enlightenment Dialectics,Horkheimer and Adorno first interpreted the dialectical enlightenment,and then introduced the enlightenment in three stages: the origin of enlightenment and the recent and modern development.First of all,Hokheimer and Adorno trace the origin of enlightenment to the ancient greek mythology period,think that the myth has the shadow of enlightenment,from the "mythology has been enlightenment,enlightenment degenerate into myth" point of view to the enlightenment,myth and enlightenment have homology,enlightenment from the myth,but eventually become a new myth.Later,in modern capitalist industrial society,enlightenment rationality developed into a tool rationality,tool rationality makes man have the characteristics of machine,man becomes a link in the production link,the instrumental rationality causes the procedure of human thinking,the loss of human self and freedom,the deterioration of man and nature,the deterioration of human relations,and so on,and the alienation of man himself.Finally,in modern times,anti-Semitism and cultural industry almost completely lost human rationality,involuntarily obeyed the consciousness of the ruler and maintained it,and man no longer had independent thinking.Hokheimer and Adorno's rational critical thought in the three historical processes,whose appearance is a critique of enlightenment rationality,is essentially a critique of the existing capitalist society.The enlightenment thought of Horkheimer and Adorno is a pessimistic enlightenment thought,which lacks the deep analysis and construction of enlightenment rationality.Hokheimer and Adorno reflected deeply on the enlightenment as a disaster,which was closely related to the social environment they were in at that time,focusing on the negative effects of enlightenment and not thinking positively about it,which led to some limitations in their ideas.