The Study Of The Literati In The Middle Of The Qing Dynasty On Watching Drama, Appraising Actors And Drama Criticism

The middle period of Qing Dynasty is the period of Qianlong and Jiaqing,which is the key period in the history of Chinese opera.At that time,the Dispute between popular and elegance(Hua Ya zhi zheng)fully shows the new situation that the Elegant Department declined and the popular Department flourished.The essence of the competition between Hua and Ya is the competition of opera aesthetics,which makes opera art more popular and popular.This competition process was the most typical in the Beijing Opera circle at that time.It was combined with Beijing’s unique politics,economy and culture,which gave birth to the special opera culture carrier flower registers(huapu).Based on the anthologies,the study of literati’s activities of watching,appreciating and commenting on drama in this period can,to a certain extent,see through.the dramatic and meaningful aesthetic change in the history of Chinese opera.This change is closely related to many artistic and cultural factors,including:the formation and spread of Beijing regional culture,especially Xuannan culture,the culture of the actors’ wine and the special friendship between the actors,scholars’ literature and cultural traditions,and their practical changes.Rixia Kanhua Ji is a representative work of Huapu in the period of Qianjia.Its stylistic features are the most typical,the context of changes in the history of opera is the most clear,and the special friendship between Wen and Ling is also the most vivid.With the Rixia Kanhua Ji as the center,combined with other flower charts of the same period as Yanlan Xiaopu and Xiaohan Xinyong,it can accurately restore the cultural ecology of the opera at that time.This paper first discusses the origin of the creation of the flower chart from the perspective of genealogy,that is,the actual need of the reproduction of the text sung by the literati and the consolidation of the relationship between the two,and reveals the two historical texts of the parody of the actor’ s biography from the urban memoir and the historical biography style(Chapter One).On this basis,this paper makes a detailed study of the interaction between literati and actors.It can be seen from this that,on the one hand,scholars actively accept actors and give full affirmation to their color art and temperament;on the other hand,actors "self-made scholars" have a strong pursuit of elegance,which together laid the foundation for in-depth communication between actors(Chapter Two).Then it makes a statistical analysis of the repertoire involved in the story of watching flowers in the sun,makes a detailed reading and evaluation of the relevant important repertoire,reveals the aesthetic and cultural concept of Huabu opera,and demonstrates the central position of Yongling poetry and Yongju poetry in Huapu(Chapter Three).Finally,It further reveals the aesthetic thought of drama embodied in the story of looking at Rixia Kanhua Ji,that is,the theory of aesthetic expression which depicts the spirit by form,the theory of aesthetic hierarchy which is constructed by color art,temperament and style,and the theory of aesthetic realm which runs through "Tao"(Chapter Four).Looking at the aesthetic and cultural phenomenon and style form of Huapu,we can think that Huapu embodies the interaction of various cultural factors related to the performance of opera in the middle of Qing Dynasty,and in a sense,it becomes a cultural totem;at that time,the literati’s view of drama,performance and drama review reflected a rich concept of art and cultural history;it has a bearing on the origin,formation and evolution of any art Just like the historical tradition and the realistic context,the anthology is also a unique aesthetic cultural projection reflected by the double mirror of history and reality.