Poetry And Reality

After the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War,combining poetry with reality became the writing consensus of most poets in the KMT-controlled areas.However,different understandings of what is"Reality" and how "Reality" is written in poetry caused divisions and rifts in the poetry of the KMT-controlled areas.Meanwhile,poets were also participating in the generation of the "real" order through literature and various social practices.For the poets in the special context of the 1945-1949 KMT-controlled areas,"Reality" had not yet formed a clear and graspable outline."Reality" was at the meeting point of multiple power competitions,which affected many areas such as politics,economy and culture.Poets needed to organize,clarify and name the flowing,blending,and unformed "Reality" first,and then struggle,intervene and change.Therefore,this poetry proposition,"Poetry and Reality",is not an,static concept.It involves the interests of different groups and the competitions of literary power.The meaning of "Poetry" is therefore continuously expanded and extended in the progress of its combination with "Reality",showing complex features different from the past.Faced with the new reality of the war between the Kuomintang Party and the Communist Party,the rifts within the intellectual and literary communities were gradually widened,and the later the poets were more urged to make literary and political choices in reality.Therefore,the theoretical thinking and writing practice of "Poetry and Reality" in poetry were inevitably infected with the anxiety of the times and the sense of urgency,and there appeared obvious intentions of controversies and dialogues.During these three or four years,the "turning" of the path of new poetry was not only reflected in the restructuring of the poetry configuration that was changing with the political war between the Kuomintang Party and the Communist Party,but also happening more specifically and nuancedly in the inner change and spiritual craving of every poet.No matter what poetic position or poetic camp the poets and critics chose,at that time,the intellectuals' relationships with the people and the times as a common distress almost enveloped everyone's writing.Such unavoidable prevalent thinking also included the poet's personal growth,historical position and the responsibility of the times of poetry.This thesis selects "Poetry and Reality" as the perspective of re-entering the poetry of KMT-controlled areas in the late 1940s,and puts it into the multi-relationship network of the relationship between poets'writings and their social practice,the interactions between the poetry of KMT-controlled areas and the literature and art of the liberated areas,the resonance in literature formed by the domestic and international situation after World War II,and meanwhile,puts it in the turning of literature in the 1940s and 1950s,and attempts to give it an open view from a multi-dimensional time-space context,in order to pry the increasingly consolidated poetry map.After sketching out the approximate map of post-war poetry,this thesis uses the texts of poems as the basis,and combine with related criticisms and events,to examine,in this particular literary field,how "Reality" as a very inclusive keyword was strived for by different people,how poetry writing specifically reflected and intervened in reality,how reality reshaped poetry and the poets' lyrical attitudes,sensory structures,cognitions of the times,and how "Reality"as a critical dimension was used in criticism.This thesis attempts to present various voices among poets based on the key question of "Poetry and Reality",links the dialogue relationships among diverse poetry writings and poetic concepts,and makes these various voices which were complementary to or responsive to each other more properly positioned than simply in contrast,in order to form an internal relative perspective of the problem.The first chapter firstly outlines the new configuration of poetry formed gradually with the migration of poets in the post-war KMT-controlled areas,and then examines "Reality" in multiple perspectives such as politics,economy and culture,and provides an overall reference background for subsequent discussions.It then organizes and presents the theoretical discussions of"Poetry and Reality"in this stage of poetry according to the contexts of the questions.The second chapter firstly analyzes the lyrical dilemma of individualized romanticism that appeared as the metaphor of "Stringless Lyre" in some poems since the early 1940s,and then discusses how the"New Lyric" proposed by Mu Dan could be possible after the victory of the Second Sino-Japanese War.Poets had adjusted their own positions in history.The attitude of“looking at the landscape”had been replaced by a perspective on social issues.However,the position of the poets in the composition of the "landscape" remains interesting.The third chapter focuses on the interactive relationship among newspapers,news media and poetry writing.Newspapers,as the main source of poets'sense of reality,reshaped the poets'sensory structure and expression.News headlines and guides permeated the language and form of poetry.The "Truth" provided by poetry made up for the absence of"Truth" in the news to a certain extent,but the dependence of poetry on news led to accusations of "journalism".The criticisms surrounding the"poetry about the sense of the times" at this time especially reflected the division within the poetry of the KMT-controlled areas.The fourth chapter discusses how poets intervened in reality through their dialogues with the public world.Poem dedications and epistolary poems became effective means for poets to participate in and discuss politics,revealing the poets' desire to speak directly on real politics.The creation of poetic forms and the borrowing of folk resources such as folk songs and dialect poems served the poets' purpose of dialogues with specific readers.By talking with people from different classes,poets simultaneously established a specific connection between themselves and the other,and the times,so that they could reconstruct themselves in the intricate network of relationships and find the touch points connected with reality.