Archaeological Research On Border Defense Facilities In Northern Xinjiang During The Northern Dynasties

As an important period in China ’ s history,the Northern Dynasties such as the regimes of Northern Wei,Eastern Wei,Western Wei,Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasty all constructed frontier defense facilities in their north border region in order to resisted the invasion of Rouran,Turkic and so on.The first chapter is based on the historical records,through sketching out the academic research results and basing on accurate study of historical geography,the author has a clearer understanding after re-probing the brunch Great Wall of the eighth year of Taichang,Jishangsaiwei,the Liuzhen Great Wall,Taihe trench.On this basis,it also focuses on the archaeological analysis and research of the Great Wall remains in the Northern frontier areas during the Northern Wei Dynasty.The author launches his archaeological probe and research based on the discovery of field archaeology and the remains of the Great Wall which convinced in the Northern Wei Dynasty.Then,the author establishes a new view on the Great Wall and its affiliated facilities,such as garrison,trench.beacon in the Northern Wei Dynasty.The second chapter studies the defense system of northern frontier border in the Northern Wei Dynasty.During the Northern Wei Dynasty,a complete and rigorous system of garrisoning cities was constructed in the northern frontier border.First of all,the author verifies the establishment time,name,quantity and specific areas of"Liuzhen";Then,the author comprehensively explores eight fortresses,namely the superior military Zhen like Bogulu,the inferior military Zhen like Baidao and Gaoqueshu.Finally,the author probes and studies the Northern frontier areas during the Northern Wei Dynasty by combining the field archaeology investigation and hold a overall perspective on the shape and structure of the defense cities in the northern border of the Northern Wei Dynasty.The third chapter explores the border defense facilities founded by the Eastern Wei and Western Wei Dynasty in the northern frontier.The Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into two regimes,namely the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty after grinding ups and downs.The East Wei Dynasty was controlled by Gaohuan,under his govern,Sizhou and the third year ’ s Wuding Great Wall were built.Through literature analysis,a clear understanding of the spatial distribution of the two Great walls were obtained.Then,the author gets a comprehensive understanding on the material,shape,construction methods and layout of the East Wei Great Wall after the archaeological investigation and archaeological analysis of the existing Great Wall remains.Given to the actual politics and the lacking of documentary records and archaeological data,The construction for prevention facilities of Western Wei needs to be further explored.The fourth chapter studies the construction of the border defense facilities between the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty.The Eastern and Western Wei dynasties were replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty.In order to built the external and internal Great Wall in the northern border region,the Northern Qi used millions of civilian workers in seven times.At the same time,the Northern Qi also strengthened the wall,garrison and other facilities.Before uniting the north areas,The Northern Zhou Dynasty enhanced the construction of the town,defence,wall,garrisons and other facilities in the northern frontier.After the unification of the north,Bei Qi reinforced the Great Wall from Yanmenguan to Jieshi section in order to deal with Turkic,Gao Baoning separatist forces and other intrusions.So,the author combines the field archaeology investigation to investigate and research the related border facilities such as Great Wall and garrison cities in the northern border of the Northern Qi,the Northern Zhou Dynasty by using archeology observation and research.As a result,the author enriched the systematic understanding of the form,structure,layout and construction mode of the border defense facilities in this period.The fifth chapter summarizes and dissects the characteristics of border defense facilities in Northern border regions from the perspective of archaeology during the Northern Dynasties.The author take advantages of the archaeological view to analyse the construction and features of the Great Wall and its affiliated facilities of their form,structure and characteristics and the construction and characteristics of the defense system in the Northern Dynasties.Through the exploration of this topic,construction characteristics and spatial layout of the border defense facilities system in the Northern Dynasties can be understood comprehensively and profoundly.It’ s of great significance for fully unveil the truth of the border defense facilities system in the Northern border.