Research On Military Words In "Wu Jing Zong Yao"

As a pioneering comprehensive military document,Wujing Zongyao not only reflects the military outlook of Song Dynasty,but also shows the military situation of previous generations to a certain extent.These contents,including many military terms of different times and different aspects,and even the name of regulations,equipment,parts and components,are unprecedented in the previous military literature,which can be considered to be extremely rich in corpus.In the part of the sense,these words can be divided into five categories: military system,ordnance,military position,military struggle and military witchcraft.The ordnance category has the most characteristics of Song Dynasty,the largest number and the most value.In the part of the character,the military terms in the Wujing Zongyao can be divided into three categories,one is difficult,one is common,and the other is intermediary.Most of the difficult military words are military system,ordnance and military service words produced in Tang,Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty.Most of them directly reflect the highly specialized military content and are not wellknown to the public.They need to be interpreted to solve the problems of etymology,semantics,structures and so on.Nowadays,some studies fail to distinguish the terms between difficult and common military.It is very easy to confuse the people when they use them.Such words are usually the same inform as some commonly used words,but differ in meaning and usage.For them,on the one hand,it is necessary to analyze and understand the special parts in meaning and using.On the other hand,it is also necessary to explain clearly the causes of confusion.Commonly used military terms come into being earlier and are used more in military documents of ancient dynasties.Most of them are monosyllabic words in the military books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty,which have been passed down through polyphonic.These words usually do not have any questions,but in the long-term use,they show some certain regularities.It can be seen that the more commonly used military words,the more clear semantic relationship,the more limited number of morphemes word-formation,word-formation and word-formation methods are relatively fixed.There are several fixed patterns in the choice and collocation of morphemes.These patterns,centered on the military monosyllabic words appearing in the ancient times,combined different morphemes according to certain relations and formed numbers of polysyllabic words under the condition of the semantic characteristics.And most of these polysyllabic words have generality,which can clearly distinguish parts of speech and semantic categories.As long as we reveal the relationship hidden in lexicalrules and semantic categories,we can analyze the main composition and generation mode of ancient military words,and sort out their development and evolution direction.The changes of military words in the diachronic development are mainly manifested in the meaning and using of the words.Because of the change of objective things,lexical meaning usually transfers their concepts,while color meaning is influenced by worship of culture and restraint of military force,and mostly develops to derogatory meaning.Originally,Military terms are highly professional.But after long-term use,some of them will be transferred to the other fields.This transferring is usually influenced by some similarity between different domains.As for the final access to the general vocabulary system,it often depends on the degree of social attention to military affairs,the heat of cross-domain use,and the frequency of words used in written and oral language.For example,the military words in the Wujing Zongyao were influenced by the Song Dynasty’s military restraint policies and custom,and few members could be transferred.And the earliest occurrence of the transferring must be later than the Ming Dynasty.