On The Formation And Disintegration Of "The Law Of Sustaining The Country" During The Tokugawa Shogunate

With the consolidation of shogunate system,the Tokugawa shogunate’s foreign trade policy began to change,and the“Closed-Door Policy" began to take shape.In order to prohibit the spread of Christianity in Japan,Tokugawa Hidetoshi issued a ban in 1616,ordering trade vessels in Portugal,Britain and other countries to trade only in Nagasaki and Hira.When his son Tokugawa Iemitsu was in power,he further strengthened his father’s foreign policy.Since then,the Tokugawa shogunate has completed a series of decrees and memoranda for decades,and finally completed the lock-in on the policy and legal system.The reasons for the formation of the "Closed-Door Policy" must be sought from the specific historical environment in which the shogunate was located.In order to monopolize foreign trade and monopolize the profits of foreign trade,in order to consolidate the new establishment of the aide system,to prohibit the penetration of Catholic ideas,in order to build a Japanese-style awareness of the Chinese tribute and to create a Japanese tributary system,the Tokugawa shogunate must implement the "Closed-Door Policy".It is inevitable that the Tokugawa shogunate implements the "Closed-Door policy",but it is not necessarily inevitable that it will eventually become a "The Ancestors Law".The "Closed-Door policy" and the "The Ancestors Law" are fundamentally different from the "The Ancestors Law" in both content and nature.From the"Closed-Door policy "to the" The Ancestors Law",this qualitative transformation is gradually evolving.Although there was a complete"Closed-Door policy|" in the Tanuki period,it was not included in the factors of decision-making or business.In response to Laxman’s arrival,Matsudaira Sadanobu created a "The Ancestors Law" based on the previous "Closed-Door order".Raising to the height of ideology has taken the first step towards the ancestralization of the“Closed-Door policy".The shogunate inherited the statement that Matsudaira Sadanobu decided to "The Ancestors Law".When responding to Ressanov,The Shogunate refused toughly and stubbornly.Its trade requirements.The Shogunate won the victory of the struggle against the Russian Empire under the standpoint of "The Ancestors Law",which in turn deeply strengthened the influence of the "The Ancestors Law" in the Japanese ruling and opposition.The "Closed-Door Policy" has risen from an ordinary foreign policy to the dominant thinking of the country’s ideology,and the"The Ancestors Law" was finally established.In 1853,Perry led the fleet into Uragawa Port."Cooperate with Russia,allow it to trade with us,and categorically reject the United States",becoming the mainstream opinion of middle and lower officials.The" The Ancestors Law"began to collapse in the hearts of the lower-level officials of the Shogunate.In 1854,Perry arrived at Uragawa Port again.The Shogunate sent a reception group to negotiate with it.In March,Japan and the United States signed the"Kanagawa Treaty" in Yokohama.The collapse of the "The Ancestors Law" has been irreversible.After the conclusion of the "Kanagawa Treaty",the United Kingdom and Russia followed the footsteps of the United States,and officials from all levels of the shogunate had sprouted the idea that "the opening of the country is a world trend and Japan is inevitable".In 1856,US Consul General Harris came to Shimoda Port,and Japan and the United States began negotiations on the issue of trade and communication.The two sides signed the"Treaty of Amity and Commerce" The treaty not only has the content of business communications,but also allows Americans to establish churches and hire Japanese people in the port area.The signing of the treaty shows in an open manner the complete disintegration of the "The Ancestors Law"."The Ancestors Law" is a double-edged sword.It starts with the government ban and finally the foreign treaty.Although the policy of locking the country has certain rationality,it should not be obliterated.However,to a certain extent,it has hindered Japan’s foreign exchanges,which led some high-level officials to be unclear about the West.