Research On Calligraphy Education In Private Schools In Qing Dynasty

The old-style private school is one of the important organizational forms of traditional education in China.As the cradle of talent cultivation,the private school and official school complement and keep pace with each other.After the foundation of new China,private schools basically disappeared from the stage of history and gradually withdrew from people's vision.Private schools have made an indelible contribution to inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture.Since the imperial examination,calligraphy,as the only way for the people of the lower class to enter the upper class,has occupied a very important position.Although the imperial examinations were focused mainly on contents rather than handwriting,beautiful fonts directly affected the subjective judgment of the examiners.Those articles with good handwriting were often appreciated by the examiners even if the articles were not outstanding.Undoubtedly,imperial examination was the main motivation of ancient Chinese calligraphy education.With the gradual improvement of ancient imperial examination system,it was a common wish of many scholars to enter official career by taking imperial examination.In imperial examination,calligraphy had an important influence on the examination results.Therefore,calligraphy was added to the education system of the ancient private schools,and the examinees paid attention to the practice of calligraphy,which was also the common need of the exam-oriented examination.In China,there are few studies on the private calligraphy education.However,the research on the educational method and content of private calligraphy education has a far-reaching influence on the current calligraphy education.The private calligraphy education mostly serves the imperial examination system.This thesis is divided into four chapters.Chapter One introduces the system of private calligraphy courses in Qing Dynasty.Focusing on the influence of the development,improvement and disappearance of the private school on calligraphy education,and also the course systems of the private school in the Qing Dynasty was sorted out to see the spread of the systems.The second chapter is about the contents and methods of calligraphy education in private schools in Qing Dynasty.This chapter expounds the requirements of the imperial examination of the Qing Dynasty on the content and method of calligraphy education,and probes into the content and method of calligraphy teaching in the Qing Dynasty.Meanwhile,this chapter explores the possibilities of utilizing prime traditional teaching methods of private school education in present calligraphy education.The third chapter is the analysis of the situation of calligraphy teachers in private schools.This paper analyzes the situation of calligraphy teachers in private school education and explores the advantages and disadvantages of their teaching.The fourth chapter is the inspiration of calligraphy education in private schools in Qing Dynasty on present elementary schools.This thesis studies the current situation of calligraphy education in primary schools by means of questionnaires,and discusses the problems existing in calligraphy education in Qing Dynasty and its influence on current calligraphy education in primary schools.Combining with the current elementary school calligraphy education policy,contemporary calligraphy cultural context and the historical mission of spreading Chinese excellent traditional culture,the author reasons and proposes'countermeasures to the realistic situation and development of calligraphy inheritance.In general,with the passage of history and time,private school education steps away from modern education,but in recent years the Chinese general secretary Xi Jinping advocates inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional culture.As calligraphy is an important part of Chinese traditional culture,how to promote Chinese calligraphy education timely,the ministry of culture strongly advocates carrying out the calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools.Continuous calligraphy enthusiasm leads the revival of the Chinese traditional culture.How to implement calligraphy teaching in primary schools?Therefore,this thesis aims to present suggestions to the current calligraphy teaching implementation for elementary school students through the research exploration of private calligraphy education.