Looking At The Yi-related Materials In "Zuo Zhuan" And "Guo Yu" From The Unearthed Yi Literature

Since the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty,the Confucian classics have established its cultural dominant position.As the top of the Confucian classics,Zhou Yi is the book that scholars must learn and read.The materials related to the “Yi” in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu can reflect the development of the Zhou Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period and some information of earlier yi shi,so the materials are also valued by scholars who learn and research Zhou Yi.On the study of involving “Yi” materials of Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu,many scholars start with the handed down documents.Although they have made some achievements,they have not made much progress on many issues.Fortunately,a large number of Yi-ology texts have been unearthed in recent years,which not only provide new opportunities for the study of the materials related to the “Yi” in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu,but also broaden the study vision of the early development of yi shi.Although there are only 22 items related to “Yi”,it seems to be beyond the “Three Yi” in Zhou Li,and involves many kinds of divination method and divination books.The figure hexagram examples in the bamboo slips of Baoshan,Geling,and Tianxingguan,which have been unearthed in Chu,the Method of Divination in Tsinghua bamboo slips,the Divination of Yi in bamboo slips of Qin,which have been unearthed in Wangjiatai and other unearthed materials also prove this view,and it is of great value to study the materials not related to Zhou Yi in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu.Judging from the materials related to “Yi” in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu,Zhou Yi spreads widely during the Spring and Autumn Period,which is not only reflected through Chen,Jin,Lu,Qi,Wei,Zheng,Qin and other vassal states using Zhou Yi to divine,but also being used in the different classes of various vassal states,even including women like Mu Jiang.At the same time,these materials contain another important piece of information,that is,six quoted examples fully demonstrates that the ancients are familiar with Zhou Yi,and when Mu Jiang and others use the book to judge whether something is good or not,they can make very rich philosophical interpretation according to the images of the trigrams and remarks of hexagram lines.According to the traditions of “study in the government authorities” in the three dynasties,the divination books should be hold in the hands of a few people,especially the wizard and historian who specialize in divination activities.But in the Spring and Autumn Period,many ordinary aristocrats are able to use Zhou Yi skillfully and even expounds profound philosophy.This seems to indicate that Zhou Yi is a philosophy book.But unlike the book of general philosophy,it uses the framework of divination.Based on the excavated Yi-ology materials,this paper analyzes the methods of divinatory symbols' formation and explanation of the materials related to “Yi” in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu.We hold the view that the Dayan divination method is in the Warring States Period,and "six" "seven" "eight" "nine" four numbers are just a set of figures of Zhou Yi divination method.The divination named "a certain divinatory symbols to another" is the results of divinatory symbols' formation according to the way of counting yarrow,which is similar to the Capter of Dayan Number.the previous divinatory symbols is original hexagram,while the later is changed hexagram.They are unlike most of the pre-qin figure hexagrams.The eight in "eight of Gen " " eight of Tai " and "zhen Tun hui Yu are eight" refer to the unchanged yin yao,and it is the second or fifth yao in a hexagram,which is often used to describe the situation in which a divinatory symbol has changed five yaos.The divination named “obtaining a certain hexagram” in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu are not all expression method which is used to mean that get unchanged hexagram.From the perspective of the Divination of Yi in bamboo slips of Qin at Wangjiatai,a practice of using hexagram to divine exists in the earlier time.The case of “Qin Bo divines for attacking Jin”getting hexagram Gu and the case of“Jin defeats Chu in Yanling”getting hexagram Fu may all belong to the method of divination system which is on the basis of hexagram to divine,or may be the results of divinatory symbols' formation according to divine in hexagram and yao that are similar to Zhou Yi.From this point of view,the two hexagrams cannot be regarded as unchanged divinatory symbols.The materials related to “Yi” in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu reflect how the people in the Spring and Autumn period judge whether something is good or not through a divinatory symbol to some extent.There are roughly three methods to interpret a hexagram,namely,through images of the trigrams,remarks of hexagram lines and philosophical connotations.Using philosophical connotations to explain a hexagram,individual will and moral norms play a decisive role in the determination of good or bad,which beyonds the numberology category,and it fully demonstrates the rise of the spirit of humanism and the affection of theologicalism.This also reflects from the side that Zhou Yi has its own philosophical factors,which is an important reason for the transformation of being a classic.