| Trust is essential to social decision-making in daily routine,and impacts on the individual development and social prosperity as a basis of mutual cooperative relationships.Therefore,the cognitive mechanisms of trust behavior are essential for various fields,including economics,philosophy,psychology,biology and cognitive neuroscience.Trust is defined as a risky choice of making oneself rely on the actions of another person in a situation of uncertainty,based on the expectation of whether the person will perform in a benevolent fashion despite a possibility to betray.And the initial trust is one' willingness to accept vulnerability based on the positive expectations about the strangers' intentions or behaviors.The chapter of introduction mainly reviewed the trust study from the aspect of trust-relevant classical paradigms,the brain levels(f MRI & EEG),the genes level and the endocrinology level,the mainstream theory in range of the worldwide.Promise as one of the influence factors,has been proved that promise enforced initial trust compared to the non-promise.But it is remains unclear about the promises that mentioned money whether facilitate initial trust.The present study aimed to explore the effects of the promise mentioned monetary reciprocation on the initial trust decision-making.This study has two mainly aims: firstly,the study explored the cognitive and behavioral level of trust under the different types of promise mentioned money(promise give back 70%/50%/30% of incomes)and under the non-promise condition.Secondly,the event-related potentials(ERPs)were used to explore the relevant time course of the initial trust decision-making under the different types of promise mentioned money.The current study includes four experiments.In the experiment 1,the participants were asked to made trust decisions(?invest? or ?keep?)and the possibility of reciprocity(-3 – 3)after receiving the different types of promise mentioned money.The former were defined as the behavioral level of trust and the latter were defined as the cognitive level of trust.The results of experiment 1 showed that the participants distrust strangers both in the behavioral and behavioral level under the high-payoff promise condition and non-promise condition;trust strangers in the two levels under the medium-and low-payoff promise condition.In the experiment 2,only the promise condition were adopted,made the independent variable were limited in the ?must promise?,showed consistent results with the experiment 1.In the experiment 3,the mediate variables were adopted: cooperation intention and the cheating notion to explore the mediate function.The results suggested that,though the behavior results were consistent between the high-payoff promise condition and no promise condition,the mediate variables were different.The results mean that low cooperation intention result in low trust rate in the no promise condition,but the high cheating notion result in low trust rate in the high-payoff promise condition.In experiment 4,the event-related potentials(ERPs)as a technique with superior temporal resolution about cognitive processes were used to explore the temporal dynamics of initial trust decision processing after receiving a promise that mentioned money.In this experiment,the decision-making stage was time-locked,and the behavior and EEG data were recorded simultaneously.Behavioral results showed that the initial trust under the high-payoff promise reduced compared to the other two conditions with prolonger reaction times.ERP results showed that the trust decision under the high-payoff promise condition elicited larger N2 amplitude and reduced P3 amplitude compared to the other two condition,which may suggested that the trust decision in the former condition may involving to more cognitive conflict about ?trust?(obey social norm)and ?distrust?(intuitive response),and cognitive workload to resolve the conflict and make response selection.Furthermore,the results of principle component analysis(PCA)supported the ERP results.Norm theory proposed that individuals trust strangers for obeying the social norm and maintain the positive image about moral person and good reputation during the stage of decision making,even if they think the partner untrustworthy or the reciprocity will not happen.In current study,the initial trust in different types of promise mentioned money obeyed the social norm in the behavioral and brain mechanism.Especially,in the temporal results,the higher promise elicited larger N2,suggested that cognitive conflict between the trust(social norm)and distrust(self-interest)significantly higher than the medium promise and low promise.The P3 following the conflict-related N2 component showed attenuated in the high promise condition compared to the medium promise and low promise condition,suggested that the high promise condition need more cognitive workload to maintain the activity,monitor and inhibit the intuitive trust,and performed trust decision simultaneously.In conclusion,the findings from the current study suggested that whether promise or not and the different types of promise mentioned money affected the initial trust,including behavioral and cognitive levels: when the promised payoff too high and non-promise,the initial trust will reduce in the two levels.Specifically,in the time course,high-payoff promise elicited larger cognitive conflict and more workload to resolve the conflict.The current study supported the social norm theory. |
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