What Do We Perceive Directly?

Sense and Sensibilia is the classic text of the 20th century analytical philosophy and a model of Austin’s personal philosophy.Austin’s words were bright and clear,his language sharp and precise,and his thoughts gleamed everywhere.Moreover,in Austin’s "philosophical argument",words like "the reason is not far away" seem to be less hard to understand.The study of Austin’s text is a good way to understand the nature of philosophy.In his book,Ayer shows two kinds of feeling and material theory:the traditional Sense-Datum Theory and his own "language problem" Sense-Datum Theory.In Austin’s view,however,both are based on "the argument from illusion".In another sense,we can also say that it is their common "trump".The " the argument from illusion" is finally introduced into Sense-Datum Theory through two stages.The first stage:the argument that people perceive in some abnormal and exceptional situations is a sense-datum;The second stage:the argument is that even in normal,unexceptional case,the perception is still sense-datum.Aimed at the first stage,the Austin criticism Ayer confusion of illusion and delusion,Ayer cited examples,if not to extend the basic don’t belong to the illusion,there is no deception,no need,not that perception is " sense-datum ".For the second phase,the criticism Ayer ruled out for example by the circumstances around that thought has presented "no intrinisic difference in kind between those of our perceptions that are veridical in their persentation of material things and those that are delusive".Due to Ayer accepted a lot of the main error of the traditional" the argument from illusion",therefore,Ayer build the "language problems"Sense-Datum Theory also made a lot of questions about the language aspect,mainly have two kinds of "perception" meaning theory;,proof theory;the usage of"real" "entail" and "vague",etc.Austin thought,feeling and theoretical errors do roots in "the pursuit of the incorrigible",it is also a philosophy on the pursuit of dreams,many philosophers and this ideal in roots is misleading.Sense and Sensibilia published in 1962,Austin,the demonstration of the debate will cause a lot of people,these reviews and research involves many topics,there are only some of the typical questions point to a certain degree of discussion,including"material things","perceiving directly","to distinguish between dream and waking".Judging from the results,Austin’s argument still convincing.But what does the book really leave us in philosophy?If you look at the narrow sense of the method,I am afraid that the detailed analysis of the words is only applicable to some or a few philosophical topics.I can only talk about my opinion.First,from the book,we may be able to see or feel,Austin’s criticism is not just some of the traditional interpretation of tiny trivial example,more important is it for the entire concept framework of traditional philosophy,the default of the concept,he want to challenge a tradition of philosophical,although it is relying on the criticism to Sense-Datum Theory.Second,Austin,special emphasis on the the relationship between the daily life that we living and philosophical thinking,the argument.On the one hand,he let philosophical thinking greatly slowed down,but it maybe can promote the real philosophical thinking,on the other hand,in a sense,he returned to the reason way what the classical philosophers,especially today,in some sense,theories "go away-daily life",it may be more worth reflecting on.In addition,it will be of great benefit to interpret traditional Chinese thought by combing and reflecting on Austin’s Sense and Sensibilia and by learning the methods of Austin’s analysis of words and phrases.