China's Fishery Geography From The 10th To The 13th Century

As one of the large-scale agriculture that comprises farming,forestry,animal husbandtry,side-line production and fishery,fishery,also known as aquaculture,refers to a material production department in which aquatic plants and animals are cultivated,necessary prosessing is carried out and profits are gained through marketing.It can be divided into freshwater fisheries and marine fisheries according to the operating waters.The main content of the thesis is about freshwater fisheries.In view of this definition,fishing industry starts a bit later than the fishing of aquatic products.According to the latest research achievement,at least in the palaeolithic age,most parts of the country have begun to use aquatic products to meet the needs of daily life.In the primitive period,gathering and hunting are the main way of social production.Aquatic product is one of the important parts of the source material.After the founding of the Song Dynasty,as a traditional agricultural country,agriculture has also entered a new period of development.At that time,both social and economic developed fast,the social and natural conditions varied from one area to another.As a part of the economic activities,the fishery started its unique development in Song Dynasty.Based on the records of historical documents,this thesis makes a preliminary study of fishery geography in China from tenth to thirteenth Century.From north to south,it is divided into three parts:the Yellow River Basin and its northern region,the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin.Then the fishery development in the three regions and the characteristics of each region are studied respectively,and the reasons are analyzed.This article is divided into five chapters.The first chapter discusses the social and natural conditions for the development of Fisheries in this period.The social conditions focus on the analysis of the fisheries policy at that time,and the natural conditions mainly explain the water environment of the three major basins at that time.During this period,the government policy on fisheries development is generally supportive,also take some positive measures to protect fishery resources;water environment overall south better than in the north,however,the water environment of the north is still relatively good.Horizontal comparison,The water environment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is superior to those in western Henan,Guan Zhong,Hedong and other regions.In the second chapter,the fishery production in the the Yellow River basin and its north area was studied at that time.The various stages of the upper and lower reaches of the the Yellow River Basin are not only different in natural conditions,but also in the social,political and economic culture.Therefore,the spatial difference of fishery development in the Yellow River basin is very obvious.Due to upstream located mostly in the minority actual control area,upstream fisheries development rarely,even do not eat fish customs;Better development of Fisheries in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,and mainly concentrated in the Guanzhong Basin and Luoyang basin fishery.The most developed areas of the fishery are mainly in the lower reaches,especially in the Kaifeng area,which is the most obvious development.As a tribute to the local products,there are often aquatic products,indicating that the aquatic products have occupied a certain social and economic status at that time.This thesis mainly refers to the northeastern and northern regions of the the Yellow River basin.In this period,most of them are under the control of the Liao and Jin regime.There is no obvious existence or development of the fishery in the historical data.The third chapter studies the status of fishery production in the Yangtze River Basin at that time.In terms of natural and socioeconomic conditions,the Yangtze River Basin itself is the best region of the country's water environment.However,it should be noted that the rich level of fishery resources is negatively related to the development of agriculture at that time.The economic development process of different areas in the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River is different.Natural conditions have congenital differences,so to some extent,the development of Fisheries in the whole basin will show different features.That is,"be the same in essentials while differing in minor points",and this point has its own characteristics at that time.The fourth chapter studies the development of fishery in the Pearl River Basin.In the two Song period,agriculture in south of the Five Ridges has also been further developed.Generally speaking,because of the warm and humid climate in the sub tropical area of the Pearl River Basin,the overall water environment in the Pearl River Basin is also very good.The fishery is also developing further,and the emergence of professional fishermen groups often occurs in the coastal areas.The fifth chapter is conclusion.Through the discussion of the four chapter,a preliminary understanding of the different river fisheries development situation.On the whole,the level of fishery development to a lot of progress.From three big basin,each region has obvious differences,whether fish varieties or types of fishery production.From the perspective of each region,the difference of small environment,such as economic development level,cultural difference and natural environment difference,will lead to the difference of fishery development level.There are many studies on the historical agriculture geography in historical geography,and few works on the study of fishery.The field of History of Fishery focused on the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Qin and Han Dynasties,and the comprehensive systematic study of the Song and Yuan Dynasties was less.Based on this,through the use of the existing historical documents,this thesis hopes to have a preliminary study on the Tenth to Thirteenth Century Chinese fishery,let us have a comprehensive understanding of space and time in this period of fishery production,and make some contributions to the study of historical fisheries geography and fishery history.