The Fisheries Research In Jiangsu And Zhejiang During The Republic Of China(1912-1937)

Fishery occupies a place in the national economy,The fisheries could be divided into marine and freshwater fisheries according to the operating waters.The first chapter mainly introduces the habitats of marine fish and freshwater fishes.The factors affecting the survival of marine fishes and freshwater fishes were complex and changeable,in which the natural factors include atmospheric pressure,water temperature,salt and seawater,and social factors include population,economics,laws,customs and habits,and so on.The main content of the second chapter was the co-existence of traditional fishery and modern fishery.Traditional fishery exists widely in two provinces in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces,these fisheries used the old method,there was high input and low output,forcingthem to struggle only in the survival line.In 1904,the Jiang-Zhe Fishery Company was established,opening up the course of modernization of Chinese fishery,modern machine trawl fishery and hand net fishery were introduced into China.Meanwhile various fishing companies were sprouted up all over the country.However,the new-type fishing gear,fishery methods and fishery companies that had placed great hopes on them did not get immediate results.Instead,the majority of enterprises were live beyond salary andmost of them weredepression,On the whole,modern fisheries did not take the place of traditional fisheries,they both coexisted,and traditional fisheries still played an important role.The third chapter mainly discusses fishery organization,fishery economy and fishermen’s society in two provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the Republic of China.The concept of fish gang started in early Qing Dynasty and later evolved into a fishery functions,until the Republic of China was changed to fisheries association.The emergence of such organizations was a community organization formed by the fishermen to obtain a certain group identity.The organization aims to bring interests to menbers of the organization with the consistency of collective interests,but the fishermen had not promoted the interests of the collective in the pursuit of the maximization of individual interests.Moreover,as the intermediaries,the fish guild even gain enormous profit.As a result,without the support of modern railway networks,road networks and power machinery transportation,the traditional fishery commercialized for a time which was more difficult to transform to modernized.The individual fishermen’s lives were different,but as a whole,the fishermen’s society presents a certain consistency,among which fisheries disputes and spiritual beliefs were particularly prominent.The JiangSu and ZheJiang Provinces and inland fishermen were emerging in the violent envents.In the belief of gods,the rich and colorful aspects of fishermen’s life were presented.